17 IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSION MEDICINE

Question 1

Transfusion medicine is defined as:
a. Actual genetic makeup; may not be evident by direct tests
b. RBC (blood) type, as determined direct tests
c. The techniques and procedures involving the study of the immunologic responses of blood (RBCs)
d. The procedures involved in collecting, storing, processing, and distributing blood and dispensing blood components to patients

Answer 1

d. The procedures involved in collecting, storing, processing, and distributing blood and dispensing blood components to patients

Question 2

Immunohematology is defined as:
a. Actual genetic makeup; may not be evident by direct tests
b. RBC (blood) type, as determined direct tests
c. The techniques and procedures involving the study of the immunologic responses of blood (RBCs)
d. Unexpected antibodies that result from specific antigenic stimulation

Answer 2

c. The techniques and procedures involving the study of the immunologic responses of blood (RBCs)

Question 3

All the following are benefits and reasons for blood transfusion except:
a. Used to restore or maintain oxygen carrying capacity
b. Restore or maintain blood volume
c. Can replace coagulation factors to maintain hemostasis
d. Replace antibiotics in treatment of granulocytic patients with infections

Answer 3

d. Replace antibiotics in treatment of granulocytic patients with infections

Question 4

Fresh frozen plasma is characterized by all the following statement except:
a. A source of all coagulation factors
b. A source of heat-labile coagulation factors
c. Good for treating immune deficiencies
d. Transport with dry ice to keep frozen

Answer 4

a. A source of all coagulation factors

Question 5

Packed red blood cells are characterized by all the following except:
a. Have the same expiration date if kept sterile while being prepared as the original donor unit
b. Good for 24 hours if the unit of blood is entered to prepare the RBCs
c. Can be used exclusively in cases of massive bleeding without any other fluids.
d. Used to restore oxygen-carrying capacity

Answer 5

c. Can be used exclusively in cases of massive bleeding without any other fluids.

Question 6

Platelet concentrates are characterized by all the following except:
a. Must be monitored for bacterial contamination
b. Are useful in cases of massive blood loss and replacement
c. Can stimulate production of HLA antibodies
d. Never need to be crossmatched

Answer 6

d. Never need to be crossmatched

Question 7

Which of the following tests is required in the screening of potential blood donors for transfusion-transmitted disease?
a. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
b. Hepatitis C antibody (HCV)
c. Hepatitis B core antibody (HBc)
d. All the above

Answer 7

d. All the above

Question 8

Autologous donation is characterized as:
a. Being safer than donor blood
b. Not requiring additional processing or crossmatching
c. Preventing transfusion-transmitted infectious disease from unit of blood
d. All the above

Answer 8

d. All the above

Question 9

Genotype is the:
a. Actual genetic makeup; may not be evident by direct tests
b. RBC (blood) type, as determined direct tests
c. The techniques and procedures involving the study of the immunologic responses of blood (RBCs)
d. Unexpected antibodies that result from specific antigenic stimulation

Answer 9

a. Actual genetic makeup; may not be evident by direct tests

Question 10

Immune antibody is the:
a. Actual genetic makeup; may not be evident by direct tests
b. RBC (blood) type, as determined direct tests
c. The techniques and procedures involving the study of the immunologic responses of blood (RBCs)
d. Unexpected antibodies that result from specific antigenic stimulation

Answer 10

d. Unexpected antibodies that result from specific antigenic stimulation

Question 11

Phenotype is the:
a. Actual genetic makeup; may not be evident by direct tests
b. RBC (blood) type, as determined by direct testing
c. The techniques and procedures involving the study of the immunologic responses of blood (RBCs)
d. Unexpected antibodies that result from specific antigenic stimulation

Answer 11

b. RBC (blood) type, as determined by direct testing

Question 12

The phenotype of genotype AO is:
a. AB
b. A
c. B
d. O

Answer 12

b. A

Question 13

The phenotype of genotype BO is:
a. AB
b. A
c. B
d. O

Answer 13

c. B

Question 14

The phenotype of genotype BB is:
a. AB
b. A
c. B
d. O

Answer 14

c. B

Question 15

The phenotype of genotype AB is:
a. AB
b. A
c. B
d. O

Answer 15

a. AB

Question 16

Patients are generally described as Rh positive or Rh negative based on the presence of which of the following antigens on the RBCs?
a. c
b. D
c. E
d. Kidd

Answer 16

b. D

Question 17

Other blood group systems include:
a. Kell
b. Duffy
c. Lewis
d. All the above

Answer 17

d. All the above

Question 18

The indirect antiglobulin test is performed:
a. On RBCs suspected of being coated with antibody
b. On serum suspected of containing antibodies
c. To determine ABO blood group antigens
d. To determine Rh blood group antigens

Answer 18

b. On serum suspected of containing antibodies

Question 19

The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is performed:
a. On RBCs suspected of being coated with antibody
b. On serum suspected of containing antibodies
c. To determine ABO blood group antigens
d. To determine Rh blood group antigens

Answer 19

a. On RBCs suspected of being coated with antibody

Question 20

When blood is to be transfused to a patient, the most important question is:
a. Does the patient’s serum contain an antibody against the donor’s RBCs?
b. Does the donor’s serum contain an antibody against the patient’s RBCs?
c. Do the patient’s RBCs contain an antigen against the donor’s serum?
d. Either b or c

Answer 20

a. Does the patient’s serum contain an antibody against the donor’s RBCs?

Question 21

If a patient is Group A, what is the preferred blood group for transfusion?
a. A
b. B
c. O
d. AB

Answer 21

a. A

Question 22

Crossmatching of the donor’s RBCs with the patient’s serum could demonstrate:
a. Major incompatibility between patient and donor
b. Minor incompatibility between patient and donor
c. Verification of correct Rh type
d. Presence of unexpected antibodies in the donor’s serum

Answer 22

a. Major incompatibility between patient and donor

Question 23

Testing of the patient’s serum with a panel of group O cells for unexpected antibodies can demonstrate:
a. Antibodies to rare antigens in all cells of the panel
b. Rare patient antigens
c. Patient antibodies to various nonself antigens
d. Both a and c

Answer 23

c. Patient antibodies to various nonself antigens

Question 24

Compatibility testing can help to detect:
a. Some ABO incompatibilities
b. Some errors in labeling, recording, or identification
c. Unexpected antibodies in the patient’s serum
d. All the above

Answer 24

d. All the above

Question 25

Which of the following are generally characterized as a transfusion reaction?
a. Hemolytic
b. Febrile
c. Allergic
d. All the above

Answer 25

d. All the above

Question 26

The most important reason for the decrease in the number of cases of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is the:
a. Acid elution stain
b. More correct Rh typing
c. Use of improved typing procedures
d. Use of Rh immune globulin

Answer 26

d. Use of Rh immune globulin

Question 27

HDFN does not usually occur in the first pregnancy if the mother is D negative and the baby is D positive. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?
a. Mother’s immune system cannot build antibodies during the 9 months of her first pregnancy.
b. Baby’s D antigens are poorly developed before birth.
c. Greatest exposure of the mother to the baby’s RBCs with D antigens is during labor and delivery.
d. Difference in Rh status between mother and baby is not an important factor in development of HDFN.

Answer 27

c. Greatest exposure of the mother to the baby’s RBCs with D antigens is during labor and delivery.