1.7 - Sahel (Switched Off Place - Compulsory Case Study) Flashcards

1
Q

Why are some locations such as the Sahel ‘switched off’ from globalisation?

A

Due to physical, political, economic and environmental reasons

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2
Q

Where is the Sahel?

A

Northern Africa - includes Mali

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3
Q

What are some political features of Mali

A
  • secular country - freedom of religion is important
  • North wants autonomy (to be self-governed), Al-Qaeda control Timbuktu)
  • Coup d’état in March 2012 - ECOWAS sending 3,000 troops in
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4
Q

What are some economic features of Mali?

A
  • 64% live below the poverty line
  • Al-Qaeda placed a ban on visiting historical shrines in Timbuktu
  • Gold mining is the 2nd main export
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5
Q

What are some environmental features of Mali?

A
  • North is desert, South is fertile savanna
  • River Niger is in south = 1700km of land
  • subsistence agriculture - cotton, cereal, rice
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6
Q

What are some social features of Mali?

A
  • food shortage encourages anger and extremism
  • high rate of infant mortality
  • 37,000 refugees fled into Burkina Faso
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7
Q

What are some technological features of Mali?

A
  • little shelter / water / roads / hospitals in Mali
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8
Q

What is the main language in Mali?

A

French - but conflict drove away hoteliers back to France

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9
Q

How many people live below the poverty line of $1.25 a day?

A

1.4 billion people

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10
Q

Why are the bottom billion trapped and unable to switch on?

A
  • conflict trap - civil war = poverty = civil war
  • natural resource trap - need to reply on resources and forget governance
  • landlocked with a bad neighbour
  • poor government in a small country
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11
Q

What can TNCs do in Chad?

A
  • Chad has a coastline so trade is possible but their government isn’t helpful.
  • 99% of funds has been spent on military not health care
  • system have been setup to track aid money based on priority caused by the governed to officially change its policy to ‘security’
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12
Q

What are physical root causes of the Sahel being switched off?

A
  • arid conditions / desertification
  • the only possible integration is likely to be very shallow - e.g food aid for subsistence farmers or cash crops at the very most - e.g. cotton produces in Mali
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13
Q

What are economic root causes of the Sahel being switched off?

A
  • high cost of providing infrastructure when due to poverty there is limited market potential to begin with
  • wages will be low resulting in negligible spending power - not viable markets - can’t invest in creating consumer networks
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14
Q

Why is it hard to instils global internet infrastructure such as fibre optic cables?

A

Fibre optics are only just reaching some locations - e.g east Africa - bandwidth is low and costs are high

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