17.1

Question 1

what are the 8 functions of blood

Answer 1

delivery of oxygen and nutrients
transport of metabolic wastes
transport of hormones
maintaining body temp
maintaining pH
maintaining fluid balance
preventing blood loss
preventing infection

Question 2

what are the 3 layers of blood after it is centrifuged

Answer 2

erythrocytes, buffy coat, plasma

Question 3

what is a hematocrit

Answer 3

percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood

Question 4

what is the pH of blood

Answer 4

7.35-7.45

Question 5

what is normal blood volume in males and females

Answer 5

5-6L

4-5L

Question 6

how long do platelets last, rbcs, and wbc

Answer 6

few days, 3 months, 6 months

Question 7

what is the function of rbcs

Answer 7

transport respiratory gases in the blood on hemoglobin

Question 8

what is the normal range for hemoglobin in the blood

Answer 8

13-18g/100mL

Question 9

what does hemoglobin consist of

Answer 9

globin proteins - in alpha or beta chains

heme groups that have iron attached that serves as a binding site for oxygen

Question 10

what are the terms for when oxygen is attached or not attached to hemoglobin as well as when CO2 is attached to hemoglobin

Answer 10

oxyhemoglobin
deoxyhemoglobin
carbaminohemoglobin

Question 11

what is hematopoiesis

Answer 11

blood cell formation that occurs in the red bone marrow

Question 12

what is erthropoeisis

Answer 12

formation of erythrocytes

Question 13

what are reticulocytes

Answer 13

immature erythrocyres

Question 14

what do high levels of reticulocytes indicate

Answer 14

high rbc turnover therefore something must have happened to cause that fluctuation

Question 15

what is the function of erythropoietin

Answer 15

controls rbc production by the kidneys

Question 16

what triggers the production of erythropoietin?

Answer 16

triggered by the loss of red blood cells, insufficient hemoglobin or reduced availability of oxygen

Question 17

what are the life-span of blood cells

Answer 17

100-120 days due to lack of nuclei and orangelles

Question 18

what gets ride of dead or dying blood cells

Answer 18

macrophages which break it down into amino acids, iron, and heme

Question 19

what is anemia

Answer 19

deficiency in rbcs

due to blood loss, not enough rbc production, to many rbcs being destroyed

Question 20

what is polycythemia

Answer 20

excess rbcs

could be due to oxygen deficiency or disease or blood doping

Question 21

what is the percentage of total wbcs in the blood

Answer 21

1%

Question 22

what is diapedesis

Answer 22

movement of white blood cells into the tissues

Question 23

what is leucocytosis

Answer 23

elevated wbc count characteristic of infection

Question 24

what are granulocytes

Answer 24

main group of wbcs, are phagocytic

include - neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 25

what are agranulocytes

Answer 25

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 26

what is the percentage of neutrophils in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

Answer 26

50-70% attracted to sites of inflammation phagocytes

Question 27

what is the percentage of eosinophils in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

Answer 27

2-4% | attack parasitic worms and have a role in allergies

Question 28

what is the percentage of basophils in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

Answer 28

0.5-1% | release histamine to promote inflammation, associated with viral infections

Question 29

what is the percentage of lymphocytes in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

Answer 29

25% | involved in the adaptive immune response like with vaccines

Question 30

what are the differences between T lymphocytes and B Lymphocytes

Answer 30

T - directly attack virus infected and tumour cells | B - bind antigens and produce antibodies

Question 31

what is the percentage of monocytes in the whole wbc count and what do they function as

Answer 31

3-8% become actively phagocytotic macrophages that enter tissues and activate lymphocytes common in chronic infections and inflammatory autoimmune diseases eat whatever is not needed in the blood