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Cardiac Physiology > Peripheral Circulation > Flashcards

Peripheral Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the RBC content per micro liter for men and women?

A

men 4.3-5.9 x 10^6, women 3.5-5.5 x 10^6

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2
Q

What is normal hematocrit for men and women?

A

men 39-55, women 36-48

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3
Q

What is normal hemoglobin for men and women?

A

men 13.9-16.3, women 12-15

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4
Q

what is the normal count for Leukocytes per micro liter of blood?

A

4.8-10.8 x 10^3

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5
Q

What is the normal level for sodium in plasma?

A

135-145 mEq/L

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6
Q

What is the normal level for Potassium in plasma?

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

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7
Q

What is the normal level for hydrogen (pH) in plasma?

A

7.35-7.45

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8
Q

What is the normal level for chloride in plasma?

A

98-107 mEq/L

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9
Q

What is the normal level for cholesterol in blood?

A

120-180 mg/dL

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10
Q

What is the normal level for glucose in blood?

A

70-110 mg/dL

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11
Q

What is the normal level for creatinine in blood?

A

0.7-1.4 mg/dL

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12
Q

what is serum?

A

plasma minus clotting factors

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13
Q

What are the generally normal pressures in the heart and pulmonary circulation?

A

RA mean is < 10 mean < 80

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14
Q

what is oxygen saturation % and volume % in heart and pulmonary circulation?

A

75% 15 in RA, RV and Pulm Artery, 97% or 19.3 in lungs, 95% or 19 in LA, LV and Aorta

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15
Q

Where is the biggest drop in blood pressure and why?

A

arterioles to capillaries, most of the resistance in the CV system

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16
Q

Where is the cross sectional area the greates in the CV system?

A

venules highest then capillaries then arterioles

17
Q

Where is blood flow the lowest and why?

A

arterioles, capillaries, venules and small veins, because pressure is lower and cross sectional area is increased, want this so exchange of nutrients and waste can be very thorough

18
Q

How does blood flow and cardiac output change between rest and exercise?

A

CO from 5.5 L/min to 25 L/min; heart stays same 4-5%, Kidneys from 20% to 2-4%

19
Q

What is normal blood volume?

A

7-8% of body weight; body weight x 0.08= weight of blood; 1 kg=1L

20
Q

How is ohms law adapted to apply to the pressures in CV system?

A

E=IR becomes P=QR where Q is flow of fluid instead of I electrical current, R is still resistance and P is the pressure

21
Q

How is Q defined?

A

flow, Q= V x A, V=velocity and A is the area

22
Q

What is poiseuilles law?

A

Q= pi (P1-P2)r^4
8x 1n
n= viscosity

23
Q

what is the difference in change of flow if resistance is in series? in parallel?

A

resistance in series will decrease flow, resistance in parallel will increase flow

24
Q

what are the two kinds of flow? Which is damaging?

A

laminar and turbulent; turbulent is damaging to endothelium and leads to atherosclerosis

25
Q

What can increase turbulent flow?

A

as velocity and diameter increase and viscosity decreases, also common at branch points and in tortuous vessels

26
Q

what is Reynolds number?

A

Nr or Re = Dv/n; predictive of development of turbulence; when number is greater than 2000 there is increased propensity of for turbulence

27
Q

What is the difference between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids? Which is blood?

A

Newtonian have set bp, mp, fp, viscosity; blood is a non Newtonian fluid and has no set viscosity

28
Q

What is the fahraeus lindquist effect?

A

plasma streaming- as tube diameter decreases below 0.2mm, there is decreasing viscosity (apparent) which can be accounted for by plasma streaming

29
Q

Why is plasma streaming important?

A

decreases resistance allowing pressure in arterioles and capillaries to remain low; which keeps systemic pressures lower; decrease in TPR

30
Q

What organization is seen in the blood in the lumen of small capillaries with plasma streaming?

A

CFL or cell free layer next to endothelium

Cardiac Physiology (6 decks)

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