Chapter 2 childs developmental functional movement Flashcards
Various motor therories describe the neural maturtionist theroy
Behavioral - more of a product of our enviorment
Paigetian:
Dynamical
Neural Maturtionist theroy- stages of motor development occur as a result of CNS maturation and you have different times of flexor vs. extensor patterns. dominance of the symmetry vs. asymmetry based on maturation of the CNS reflexes
Cognitive: Behavioral stages are merely empirical descriptions of behavior development occurs with the interaction and the enviorment pavlovian and operant responses to enviormental stimuli
Congnitive: Piagetian: stages alternate between equilibrium and dysequilibrium development occurs through interaction between cognitive nerual structures and enviormental opportunities for action. First actions use reflexes and later from voulatnary actions
Dynamical: apparent stages of development are actually stages of relative stability arising from the self-organizing, emergent properties of a multitude of systems each developing at its own continous rate. the individual develops as the organism recognizes the affordances of the enviroment and selects the most apporiate response to tasks multiple buliding blocks of development and self-motivated exploration of the enviroment
How do developmental problems tend to develop over time ????
Head down approach and proximal to distal direction; research suggests that about 30 percent of the entire human genome is expressed in the brain but, efffects of genetics differ in each region of the brain. IQ becomes more heritable later in the course of life.
theory of Neuronal development and the 3 tenets
1st tenenant: that the neuroanantomy development isnt nesseacairly a blue print but, more of a limitations to how certain things are gonna develop.
2nd tenant: a reportire is devised and the there is sorta of a back up plan for the motor learning however each movement must accomplish the task and allow for postural stability.
third tennant: How biology connects with physiology according to the first two theroies
at 2 -4 months infants can do what
7-8 months
2-4 months infants can grasp objects.
7-8 months may be able to grab a toy.
2 months typical vs. atypical movements in supine, sidelying, prone, pull to sit
supine typical- maintains head in midline for brief periods locates objects visually and tracks from left to rigth. begins to show antigravity movement of upper and lower extremities and not yet able to reach and grasp toys
atypical- asymetrical movement with predominance of head to one side or strong asymetrical neck reflex (ATNR)
can’t do antigravity movements longer periods of inactivity
Sidelying typical- able to lift head and trunk during faclitated role. begins to balance activity of trunk flexors and extensors
atypical sidelying - cant liftt head, may look compenet in sidelying
prone- typical - able to lift head and upper trunk 45 degrees through upper throaic spine. elbows not under shoulders until 3 months
atypical- strong lower extermity extension or hips and knees may remain in the flexed and abducted newborn position no independent head lifting.
can only move with assitance
pull to sit - head lag is common and able to engage neck muscles to sustain midline head control when upright good extentsion through the cervical and upper thoraic spine
atypical - may exhibit head through entire pull poor head control, rounding of the throaic and lumbar spine
sitting typical - head is aligned over ears holds and sustains posture with assistance may not be present at 3 months
atypical - needs more support sustain sitting postion little to no antigravtiy arm movement
Horizontal suspension- follow packet.
Things seen in infancy
6 months can a child ability to sit alone
During 3/4 of a year a child can???
By 11 months can the child crawl up and down the stairs yes or no
ability to right the head from extentsion and flexion i
smooth prusuit usally seen by six weeks at 2 months the infant can sustain the head in midline
Yes the child can sit alone and by himself. after he can extend the head and neck in the prone postion
3/4 of a year a child can?? creep or crawl, pulling to a stand postion
11 months the child typically can walk up and down the stairs yes and usally walk by 9-15 months and as balance control continues walking improves and the child improves his dorsiflexion partially extended knees to more fully extended knees and dorsiflexed ankles
object manipulation 10 stages
stage 1 - rotation of held objects by 2 months
Stage 2- translation of grasped objects by 3 months reaching for an object while in prone and bringing it to the mouth
Stage 3- vibration of objects by 3 months to see if they make any sounds
Stage 4- bilateral hold of two objects by 4.5 months
stage 5 - two hand hold of a single object- by 4.5 months
stage 6- hand to hand transfer of an object (4.5) months
stage 7 - coordinated action with a single object one holds the object and the other manipulates or bangs object by 6.5 months
Stage 8- coor.dinating action of hitting two blocks together age 6-8.5 months
stage 9 - deformation of objects- infant learns to rip bend or squeeze objects
stage 10- instrumental sequential actions- by opening an box and taking things out with another hand. by age 7.5 to 9.5 months
How much do toddlers grow per year
Toddler age now
at age 4 tell me a little
at age 5 tell me a little
at age 6 tell me a littel
gain about 5 pounds ansd 2.5 inches each year.
toddlers can dress themselves pull off pants at 2 years of age and by 2.5 years of age can stand and catch a ball using arm and body together can stand on one foot hop around
3 year old can alternate feet ascending and descending stairs 3 year old may start to stumble more and start to show a fear of falling more so. can dress pretty well but, buttoning maybe, difficult. tricycle riding is usually a fun activity with these kids. usually seek reassurance form their care givers.
4 year old can start to learn sporting activities and learn to roller skate and ride a two wheel bike.
age 5 - likes to help with house hold chores, can skip, long jump, do acrobactic activities climb with sureness.
age 6, children on the go digging, climbing, jumping. crawling under things, usally try activites exceeding their abilities, falling out of chairs or knocking over big glasses is not uncommon.
Harris Infant Neuromotor test give me info on what it is about??
21 - item test to screen to id delays in infants 3-12 months in age test includes items to assess neuromotor milestones active and passive muscle tone head tone, stereotypic movement patterns, and behavioral interactions plus the caregivers assessment
Test of Infant Motor Performance Screening and Inventory
is a screening test for gross motor function in infants from 34 weeks postmenstrual age through 4 months post term. its a derivative of the comprehensive motor assessment
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
or also known as the
Bayley III
Five subscales that assess cognition, lanuage, motor skills, social-emotional, function, and adaptative behavior. in children from 1-42 months.
TIMP (
test for infants below 5 months of age including premature born infants (NICU) as young as 32 weeks of postmenstrual age. Function on this scale is defined as the postrual and selective control in prone, supine, and upright postions
Pea body developmental scale
contains seperate scales for gross and fine motor assessment for children from birth to 71 months of age. gross motor include, reflexes, balance, nonlocomoto, locomotor activites, and receipt of propulsion activites manual dexterity, eye hand coordination
Bruiniks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT)
is a test of gross motor and fine motor control for children from 4.5 to 14.5 years of age.
Gross motor function measure
it is used for measuring motor function with children with CP..
