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Sociology > Chapter 1 - What Is Sociology? > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - What Is Sociology? Flashcards

0
Q

What 3 questions does sociology attempt to answer?

A
  • nature of identity
  • relationship of individual to society
  • relationships between individuals
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1
Q

The study of human behavior in society

A

sociology

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2
Q

“Either/Or”

OR

“Both/And”

A

“Both/And”

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3
Q

To be a sociologist one must use both …

A

theory AND perspective.

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4
Q

How many types of sociology are there?

A

Infinitely many

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5
Q

Is human behavior determined by nature or nurture?

A

BOTH

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6
Q

Humans adapt to …

A

social context.

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7
Q

Before sociology there was the …

A

“Age of Reason” or “Enlightenment”

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8
Q

What is “social contract” and who coined it?

A

Individuality

Locke

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9
Q

What is “general will” and who coined it?

A

Rousseau

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10
Q

Founder of sociology

A

Auguste Comte

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11
Q

Who developed the stages of sociology and what were they?

A

Comte

  • religious
  • metaphysical
  • scientific
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12
Q

Who coined “statics” and “dynamics” and what were they?

A

Comte

Statics-study of order, persistence, and organization

Dynamics-study of processes of social change

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13
Q

Who thought democracies can enhance OR erode personal liberties?

A

Alexis de Tocqueville

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14
Q

Who supported the conflict theory?

A

Karl Marx

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15
Q

Who supported structural/ functionalism?

A

Emile Durkheim

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16
Q

Who supported symbolic interactions?

A

Max Weber

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17
Q

Author of Communist Manifesto

A

Marx

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18
Q

Didn’t support capitalism and believed there would be a worker rebellion.

A

Marx

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19
Q

Accepted constant societal struggle, mainly coming from class.

A

Marx

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20
Q

Workers for the rich

Poor

A

Proletariat

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21
Q 
Rich class
Upper echelon
A

Bourgeois

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22
Q

Supported a utopian communist ideal

A

Marx

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23
Q

Study suicide heavily

A

Durkheim

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24
Q

The ability to see the connection between out individual identities and the social contexts (family, friends, other institutions) in which we find ourselves.

A

sociological imagination

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25
Q

What is integration?

A

How connected we feel to society

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26
Q

Regulation

A

The amount that our individual freedom is constrained

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27
Q

Connected to integration and regulation

A

Durkheim

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28
Q

Coined social “solidarity”

A

Durkheim

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29
Q

Social “solidarity” is what two things?

A

Mechanical and organic

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30
Q

Max Weber believed that sociology should be …

A

Interpretive and value free

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31
Q

Define interpretive and value free

A

Interpretive-context

Value free-unbiased

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32
Q

Stressed rationality in the modern world

A

Weber

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33
Q

Coined the “iron cage”

A

Weber

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34
Q

First to use statistics

A

Durkheim

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35
Q

Added “status” and “party” to Marx’s theory

A

Weber

36
Q

Define “status”.

A

The relationship to consumption

37
Q

Define “party”.

A

Voluntary groups to make ones voice heard

38
Q

Compared economy to religion

A

Weber

39
Q

Who chose to study FORMS of social interaction

A

Georg Simmel

40
Q

List some forms of interaction

A

Competition, exchange, secrecy, domination

41
Q

Who questioned what makes it easier for persons to discover and express their individuality

A

Simmel

42
Q

Believed class to be the most significant division among people

A

Weber

43
Q

First female foreign correspondent

A

Margaret Fuller

44
Q

Who introduced the concept of self-reliance among women?

A

Fuller

45
Q

Frederick Douglas was a …

Two answers

A

Slave and later an abolitionist

46
Q

Claimed slavery system was a “learned behavior”

A

Douglas

47
Q

Against “social Darwinism”

A

Lester Ward

48
Q

What is social Darwinism?

A

Each succeeding society more successful than the one before it

49
Q

What is “social telesis”?

A

The thought that societal evolution is informed by purposeful action

50
Q

What did WOMEN AND ECONOMICS focus on?

A

Women’s subordination and it’s function in evolution

51
Q

Who wrote WOMEN AND ECONOMICS , Herald , or “The Yellow Wallpaper”?

A

Charlotte Perkins Gilman

52
Q

Coined the term “sisterhood”

A

Fuller

53
Q

Author of THE THEORY OF THE LEISURE CLASS

A

Thorstein Veblen

54
Q

What did The Theory of the Leisure Class focus on?

A

The split between the “productive class” and the “pecuniary class”

55
Q

Define “productive class”

A

Those who work

56
Q

Civil rights activist , social scientist , political militant , essayist , poet

A

W. E. B DuBois

57
Q

Define “pecuniary class”

A

Those who have money / owners

58
Q

Who was an advocate for women’s issues?

A

Gilman

59
Q

Founder of the pan-African movement

A

DuBois

60
Q

Who developed the “I” and “me”?

A

George Herbert Mead

61
Q

Define “I”

A

The part of us that is inherent or biological

62
Q

Define “me”

A

The part of us that is self-conscious and created by observing ourselves in interaction

63
Q

Coined “generalized other”

A

Mead

64
Q

Define “generalized other”

A

A persons notion of the common values, norms, and expectations of other people in a society

65
Q

1930 thru 1960 was …

A

Development period of the field

66
Q

What two questions came out do the 30’s-60’s?

A
  • What could sociology contribute to the study of self?

- What processes ensure social order?

67
Q

Define symbolic interactionism

A

How an individual’s interaction with his or her environment help people develop a sense of self

68
Q

Define dramaturgical model

A

“Backstage” “front stage” mentality

69
Q

Coined symbolic interactionism

A

Blumer 1937

70
Q

Define “structural functionalism”

A

A paradigm that contends that all social life consists of several distinct , integrated levels that enable the world to find stability, order, and meaning

71
Q

Define “paradigm”

A

An example, patter, or model

72
Q

What are how two sociological functions?

A

Manifest and latent

73
Q

Define “manifest”

A

The intended consequences of an action or event

74
Q

Define “latent”

A

An unintended function

75
Q

Define “conflict theory”

A

Suggests the dynamics of society are the result of the conflict among different groups

76
Q

Globalization

Micro or macro

A

Macro

77
Q

Multiculturalism

Micro or macro

A

Micro

78
Q

Define “globalization”

A

Interconnecting

79
Q

Multiculturalism means …

A

undersranding

80
Q

Define “macro level analysis”

A

Analysis of large scale patterns or social structures like economies or political systems

81
Q

Define “microlevel analysis”

A

Analysis of small scale patterns like individual interactions or small groups dynamics

82
Q

Interrelated forces are …

A

forces that hold is together and that drive us apart.

83
Q

Define “McDonaldization”

A

The homogenizing spread of consumerism around the globe

84
Q

Define “modernism”

A

A belief in progress that challenged tradition, religion, and aristocracies as remnants of the past and saw industry, democracy, and science as the wave of the future

85
Q

Modernism claims

Religion to …

Mechanical to …

Feudal to …

A

… science

… organic

… capitalist

86
Q

Define “postmodernism”

A

Emphasizes that a particular reality is a social construction by a particular group, community, or class

87
Q

Founder of the NAACP

A

DuBois

Sociology (3 decks)

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