History-Taking: Digestion and Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

8 upper GI symptoms

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Heartburn
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
  • Painful swallowing (Odynophagia)
  • Vomiting blood (Hematemesis) –> bright red or coffee grounds
  • Loss of appetite
  • Jaundice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe dysphagia as a patient may describe it

A

Food “sticks” or “doesn’t go down right”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes to consider for dysphagia

A

Oropharyngeal or neuromuscular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Location of problem in dysphagia

A

Below sternal notch, usually esophageal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 things to consider when a patient has jaundice

A

Context (travel, medications, acuity)
Color of urine and stool
Pruritus (itching)
Risk factors for hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

6 lower GI symptoms

A
  • Abdominal pain
  • Change in bowel habits
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Bright red blood in the stool (hematochezia)
  • Dark and tarry stools (melena)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define acute diarrhea

A

<2 weeks duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define chronic diarrhea

A

≥ 4 weeks duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

9 things to consider when a patient has diarrhea

A
Associated cramping?
Volume
Frequency
Consistency
Mucus, pus, blood, black and tarry??
Tenesmus? (feel like pooping, but no poop)
Day and night?
Greasy/oily or frothy?
Recent antibiotics?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

2 things to differentiate for abdominal pain

A

Acute vs. chronic

Upper vs. lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 patterns of abdominal pain

A

Visceral
Parietal
Referred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 different anatomical types of abdominal pain

A

Gastrointestinal

Genitourinary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 basic questions to ask when a patient has abdominal pain

A
Location
Chronology
Quality
Quantity/severity
Aggravating and alleviating factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

5 red flag symptoms

A
Dysphagia
Recurrent vomiting
Bleeding
Weight loss
Fever or night sweats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Second most common cause of cancer death

A

Colon cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is colon cancer diagnosed?

A

After the onset of symptoms or occult bleeding in the majority of patients

17
Q

What can screening detect for colon cancer?

A

Asymptomatic early-stage malignancy –> improves mortality

18
Q

Risk factors for colon cancer

A

Family history (number of family members affected, first-degree relatives, age of onset)

19
Q

2 types of thyroid dysfunction

A

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

20
Q

7 symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A
Heat intolerance
Sweating
Nervousness
Palpitations
Involuntary weight loss
Muscle weakness +/- tremor
Diarrhea
21
Q

6 symptoms of hypothyroidism

A
Cold intolerance
Fatigue
Weight gain
Muscle weakness
Dry, coarse skin and/or hair
Constipation
22
Q

How to detect type 2 diabetes in adults

A

Usually asymptomatic, so requires screening

23
Q

5 symptoms of hyperglycemia

A
Polyuria
Thirst and polydipsia (excessive thirst)
Nocturia
Blurred vision
Weight loss
24
Q

Symptoms of severe hyperglycemia

A

Dehydration

Decreased level of alertness