1730 - Midterm Deck

Question 1

What is a program

Answer 1

a program is a set of instructions for a computer

Question 2

What is an algorithm

Answer 2

an algorithm is a step-by-step approach to solving a problem

Question 3

what kind of codes/languages did early computers use

Answer 3

machine code (binary) and assembly languages

Question 4

what are some examples of high-level languages that we know

Answer 4

Java and C

Question 5

how are higher-level languages better for us

Answer 5

they allow programmers to write code independent of hardware

Question 6

what are some examples of operating systems

Answer 6

Unix, Windows, MacOS, Linux

Question 7

what do operating systems do

Answer 7

manage computer resources and provide an interface for the users

Question 8

what does a compiler do

Answer 8

it analyzes a program developed in a particular computer language and translates it into a form that is suitable for execution on your particular computer system

Question 9

what is a syntactic error

Answer 9

an syntax error (like unbalanced parenthesis or brackets)

Question 10

what is a semantic error

Answer 10

an error that occurs when special data is inserted when not defined (so like when you have an undefined variable)

Question 11

compilation process

Answer 11

reads code line-by-line and if any error is found, it tells the programmer and ends.

if no semantic or syntactic errors are found then compiler translates code from higher lang. to lower lang. for the computer to understand

Question 12

what process does the term “building” refer to

Answer 12

the process of compiling and linking a program

Question 13

what happens after the compilation process

Answer 13

the compiled file is then linked to an executable file

Question 14

what happens when linking

Answer 14

the assembler takes each assembly language and converts it into a binary format known as object code

Question 15

what is the default name of an executable file in Unix

Answer 15

a.out

Question 16

what is the difference between unsigned and signed numbers

Answer 16

unsigned = non-negative values, while signed includes negative values

Question 17

i have a file called file1.txt on my laptop that I want to upload to odin… what would I type in?

Answer 17

scp file1.txt odinUsername@odin.cs.uga.edu:~/[relative path to where you want to upload it on odin]

Question 18

I have a program called Connect4.c on odin that I want to download on my laptop… what would I do

Answer 18

1. cd to where you want to save in on your device
2. scp odinUdername@odin.cs.uga.edu:~/[realtive path of where the file is on odin/Connect4.c .

Question 19

what are the 3 programming goals

Answer 19

1. correctness
2. readability
3. optimization

Question 20

difference between Java and C/C++ on compiling

Answer 20

Java needs a JVM, so when a program is compiled, the compiler produces a .class file that the JVM can understand.

C/C++ does not require a VM as the result of a “build” is an executable file that will run on the native operating system

Question 21

what is the act of creating an executable file known as in C

Answer 21

linking

Question 22

can you individually compile source files into object files in C like you have to in Java?

Answer 22

yes, you can.

Question 23

what are the phases of C/C++ programs

Answer 23

1. Edit
2. Preprocess
3. Compile
4. Link
5. Load
6. Execute

Question 24

T/F: Java has a preprocessor

Answer 24

False, and it is one of the most noticeable differences between Java and C/C++

Question 25

What is the C equivalent for import java.lang.String;

Answer 25

#include

Question 26

what are some differences between Java and C/C++ in terms of memory

Answer 26

in C/C++, you must manually deallocate memory using the free (C)/delete (C++) method; whereas Java has an automatic garbage collector so the programmer does not have to worry as much about memory

Question 27

Are pointers more powerful in Java or C/C++?

Answer 27

C/C++

Question 28

how many byes is a char

Answer 28

1 byte

Question 29

how many bytes is an int

Answer 29

4 bytes

Question 30

how many bytes is a double

Answer 30

8 bytes

Question 31

how many bytes is a float

Answer 31

4 bytes

Question 32

how many bytes is a long

Answer 32

8 bytes

Question 33

how many bytes is a short

Answer 33

2 bytes

Question 34

is C/C++ case sensitive

Answer 34

yes!

Question 35

what is the java equivalent to a final variable

Answer 35

constant (ex. const char = 'a';)

Question 36

what does &foo return

Answer 36

the memory address of foo

Question 37

what is an array

Answer 37

an array is a sequence of elements of the same type placed in contiguous memory locations that can be individually referenced by adding an index to the unique identifier

Question 38

T/F: an array can be dynamically-sized

Answer 38

false, arrays have a fixed size

Question 39

T/F: int a[3][5] is the same as int a[15]

Answer 39

true, any multidimensional array can be written as a simple array

Question 40

how to pass an array as a parameter

Answer 40

you declare the parameter to be the array, but omit the size in the bracket int main(int argc, int argv[ ]) { } (when you do this, you need a variable to tell you the length of the array, which is argc in this case)

Question 41

T/F: when calculating the length of an char array, the program adds 1 to the length because the computer is dumb

Answer 41

false; it adds 1 to the length because every char array as a '\0' character at the end to null-terminate the array

Question 42

2 ways to initialize a character array:

Answer 42

1. like you would normally do for any array: char myword[ ] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o'}; 2. the string literal way: char myword[ ] = "Hello";

Question 43

if we have char myword[] = "Hello"; can we do char myword[] = "Bye"

Answer 43

no, this won't compile, to chance the contents of myword, the user would have to manually do so: myword[0] = 'B'; myword[1] = 'y'; myword[2] = 'e'; myword[3] = '\0';

Question 44

what is the reference operator

Answer 44

&

Question 45

what is the dereference operator

Answer 45

*(and is attached to the variable)

Question 46

how to initialize a pointer

Answer 46

type * name example -> int * number

Question 47

what is a pointer

Answer 47

a variable that stores the address of another variable

Question 48

how are dereference variables translated

Answer 48

the value pointed to by baz = *foo; baz is the value pointed to by foo.

Question 49

how are reference variables translated

Answer 49

& is the "address of" foo = &myvar; foo is the address of myvar

Question 50

what is int * p1, p2

Answer 50

p1 is a pointer and p2 is simply an int int * p1; int p2;

Question 51

int myarray[20]; int * mypointer; mypointer = myarray; Why is this valid?

Answer 51

mypointer is assigned to the memory address at which myarray begins

Question 52

what is the main difference between pointers and arrays

Answer 52

pointers can be assigned to new addresses, while arrays cannot

Question 53

what is a[5] equal to in pointer form

Answer 53

*(a+5)

Question 54

which has more precedence in this statement: *p++ = *q++

Answer 54

++ has greater precedence than *

Question 55

what is *p++ = *q++ roughly equivalent to

Answer 55

*p = *q ++p; ++q;

Question 56

what is the main reason for byte alignment

Answer 56

to improve memory access speed