1765 - Haydn No. 31 (D major)

Question 1

1st Movement
1765 - Haydn No. 31 (D major)

Answer 1

• Sonata form established which allows Haydn to play around with it humorously.
• Begins recapitulation in the tonic minor with new material, deliberately undermining both elements of the double return.
• Striking use of horns shows development of orchestration.
• To celebrate return of the horn section in full strength after a delay in filling vacancies in Haydn’s orchestra at Esterhazy.

Question 2

Dev. of Orchestra
1765 - Haydn No. 31 (D major)

Answer 2

• Adds a flute and 2 extra horns to the Sinfonia a 8 configuration.
• Continuo keyboard would still have been added but much less necessary than in earlier symphonies as the harmonies are filled in by the orchestral instruments.
• Extensive use of soloists within the orchestra.