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Pharmacology > Pharm 8.2 -Muscuranic blockers > Flashcards

Pharm 8.2 -Muscuranic blockers Flashcards

1
Q

Anticholinergic drugs are also called

A

antimuscarinic or parasympatholytics

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2
Q

atropine is abtained from

A

atropa belladona

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3
Q

antimuscaranic drugs are classified as

A

natruarl alkaloids, synthetic, and antiparkinsonism

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4
Q

natural alkaloids drugs

A

atropine and scopolamine

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5
Q

synthetic drugs

A

homatropine, ipratropium, oxybutynin, cyclopentolate, tropicamide, dicyclomine, pirenzepine, glycopyrrolate, tolterondine

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6
Q

antiparkisonism drugs

A

trihexyphenydyl, procylidine, benztropine

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7
Q

atropine blocks

A

muscarinic receptors competitively

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8
Q

atropine structure

A

teriary amine, so enters BBB

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9
Q

atropine works both

A

centrally and peripherally

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10
Q

atropine actions on the CVS

A

tachycardia (due to blockade of Ach M2 receptors on SA node, also facilitates AV conduction, NO marked effect on BP, dialate blood vessels in facial blush area (atropine flush) that is not related to the antagonistic action (due to hyperthermia with resulting vasodialation)

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11
Q

atropine actions on the eye

A

mydriasis, cycloplegia

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12
Q

atropine induces mydriasis by

A

blocking the parasympathetic tone to the iris circular muscle – unopposed sympathetic timulation of the radial muscle results in dialation of the pupil

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13
Q

atropine induced cycloplegia is

A

paralysis of accomodation due to blockage of M3 receptors on ciliary muscle - cannot focus near giving rise to blurring vision

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14
Q

accomodation is caused by changes in the

A

lens - cliary muscle constirction allows for relaxation, lens widening allowing you to see close - cholinergic receptors

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15
Q

atropine duration

A

7-10 days

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16
Q

atropine usual concentration %

A

0.5-1%

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17
Q

scopolamine duration

A

3-7 days

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18
Q

scopolamine usual concentration

A

0.25%

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19
Q

homatropine duration of effect

A

1-3 days

20
Q

homatropine usual concentration

A

2-5%

21
Q

cyclopentolate duration of effect

A

1 day

22
Q

cyclopentolate usual concentration

A

0.5 -2%

23
Q

tropicamide duration of effect

A

0.25 days

24
Q

tropicamide usual concentration

A

0.5 to 1%

25
Q

Atropine actions on Smooth muscles

A

relaxation of SM leading to – GIT peristalsis inhibition/constipation, Bronchus dialation, urinary bladder retention due to relaxation of bladder and constriction of sphincter and trigone

26
Q

atropine actions on glands by M3 rec

A

decreases secretions of salivary glands, thermoregulatory sweat gland, tracheobronchial tree, acid in the stomach and lacrimal gland

27
Q

atropine can casue body temperature to

A

increase

28
Q

atropine on CNS

A

minimal CNS stimulant action in usual doses but high doses cause –restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, disorientation, inhibits vestibular disturbances (esp in motion sickness)

29
Q

tremor of parkinson’s disease is reduced by centrally acting anti-muscarinic drugs like

A

trihexyphenyldyl, benztropine

30
Q

what drugs prevent or reverse vestibular disturbances of motion sickness

A

atropine, scopolamine

31
Q

with increasing dose atropine (in order)

A

decreases secretions, mydriasis and cycloplegia, hyperthermia, tachycardia, sedation, urinary retention and constipation, behavioural excitation and hallucinations

32
Q

atropine is absorbed from the

A

GIT

33
Q

Atropine can freely penetrate the

A

cornea

34
Q

half life of atropine is

A

4 hours

35
Q

which drug has better passage to the brain, atropine or scopolamine?

A

scoplamine

36
Q

uses of atropine substitutes

A

preanesthetic medication, peptic ulceration, antispasmodic, bronchial asthma and COPD, mydriatic and cycloplegic agent, bradycardia, antidote to organophosphorus poisoning, parkinsonism and drug-induced extrapyramidal dysfunction, overactive bladder, motion sickness

37
Q

atropine substitutes for preanesthetic medication

A

hyoscine, glycopyrrolate

38
Q

atropine substitutes for peptic ulceration

A

pirenzepine

39
Q

atropine substitutes for antispasmodic

A

hyoscine, glycopyrrolate, dicyclomine

40
Q

atropine substitues for bronchial asthma and COPD

A

Ipratropium, Tiotropium

41
Q

atropine substitutes for mydriatic and cycloplegic effects

A

tropicamide, homatropine, cyclopentolate

42
Q

atropine substitutes for parkinsonism

A

trihexyphenydyl, benztropine

43
Q

atropine substitutes for overactive bladder

A

oxybutynin, tolterodine, trospium, solifernacin, darifenacin

44
Q

atropine substitutes for motion sickness

A

scopolamine

45
Q

adverse effects of atropine

A

blurred vision (mydriasis and cycloplegia), dry mouth, fever, constipation, urinary retention, tachycardia, agitations, hallucinations, delirium

46
Q

contraindications of atropine

A

glaucoma (narrow angle), urinary retentions (esp BPH patients)

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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