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Honors Biology > Biology 1st Semester Review > Flashcards

Biology 1st Semester Review Flashcards

0
Q

Type of data gathered using actual measured numbers.

A

Quantitative

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1
Q

Type of data gathered using the 5 senses.

A

Qualitative

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2
Q

Is an educated guess

A

Hypothesis

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3
Q

Are the factors that are measured in an experiment

A

Variables

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4
Q

Carbohydrates are _______ built to store energy in plants and are ______ _____ to be used as cellular energy to accomplish the characteristics of life.

A

Built & broken down

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5
Q

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

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6
Q

What is an example of simple sugar?

A

Glucose

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7
Q

Levels of organization

A 
Atom
Element
Molecule
Compound
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
Universe
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8
Q

What are the two types of cells?

A

Eukaryotes & prokaryotes

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9
Q

Whats the big difference between eukaryotes & prokaryotes ?

A

Eukaryotes have a nucleus & prokaryotes dont

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10
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A 
Animals
Fungi
Protist
 Plant
Monera ( archaebacteria & eubacteria)
Euglena
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11
Q

What are two types of monera kingdom?

A

Eubacteria & archaebacteria

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12
Q

What kingdom does a pseodopod , amoeba , & paramecium belong?

A

Protist

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13
Q

What kingdom does flagellum & flagella belong?

A

Euglena

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14
Q

List the monomer & function for proteins?

A

Amino acids & to control rate of reactions & regulate cell processes.

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15
Q

List monomer & function for lipids ?

A

3 fatty acids & glycerol . Used to store energy in animals

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16
Q

What are two catergories mixture can be split into ?

A

Heterogenous & homogenous

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17
Q

Whats the difference between homogenous & heterogenous ?

A

Homogenous is the SAME throughout & heterogenous isnt.

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18
Q

Homogenous mixtures can be considered …..?

A

A solution

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19
Q

Whats the difference between solute & solvent ?(solutions)

A

Solute is a substance that is dissolved . Solvent is a liquid that dissolves another substance.

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20
Q

List monomer & function for nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides & used to store and transmit hereditary or genetic info. (DNA)

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21
Q

List monomer & function for carbo hydrates ?

A

Monosaccharide (simple sugar) & used as source of energy in plants .

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22
Q

Cells

A

Smallest unit of life

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23
Q

Metabolism

A

Get & use energy in order to carry out life functions .

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24
Q

Interdependence

A

Organisms rely on eachother to survive.

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25
Q

Homeostasis

A

Ability to maintain a constant temp

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26
Q

Hereditary

A

Pass on traits to offspring

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27
Q

Evolution

A

Populations of organisms change over time

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28
Q

Inorganic compounds dont contain?

A

Carbon

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29
Q

Water molecules that have a slightly ➖ charge at one end & a slightly ➕charge at the other end.

A

Polar molecules

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30
Q

The attraction between the positive end of one water molecule & negative end of another water molecule .

A

Hydrogen bonding.

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31
Q

Cells are 95% what?

A

Water

32
Q

What is the cell membrane made of?

A

Carbohydrates , proteins , & phospholids.

33
Q

Whats another name for passive transport?

A

Diffusion

34
Q

Does diffusion require energy?

A

No.

35
Q

Diffusion , or passive transport , moves molecules from areas of ____ to _____ areas .

A

High to low .

36
Q

Faciliated diffusion .

A

Diffusion using carrier proteins to help molecules across the membrane.

37
Q

Type of diffusion involving ONLY the movement of water molecules.

A

Osmosis

38
Q

Membrane folding that involves taking in is …

A

Endocytosis .

39
Q

What are two types of endocytosis?

A

Pinocytosis & phagocytosis . ( endocytosis requires energy)

40
Q

Membrane folding that removes particles from the cell is ?

A

Exocytosis.

41
Q

Our cells are made of ___% water . So are body is made of ___% of water .

A

95%

42
Q

Proteins are made of amino acids joined by _____ .

A

Peptide bonds

43
Q

(Proteins) . Enzymes bind to the substrate at the ….

A

Active site .

44
Q

What are enzymes

A

A special group of proteins that catalyze , ( speed up reactions)

45
Q

What are lipids ?

A

Macromolecules that are insoluble in water . ( oil, wax , fat)

46
Q

What does two simple sugars make?

A

A disaccharide.

47
Q

Whats the process of sugars being put together?

A

Dehydration synthesis.

48
Q

Whats the process of carbohydrates being broken down?

A

Hydrolysis

49
Q

Have organelles

A

Eukaryotes & prokaryotes

50
Q

Go through mitosis

A

Eukaryotes

51
Q

Goes through binary fusion

A

Prokaryotes

52
Q

Only includes organisms from kingdoms archaebacteria & eubacteria

A

Prokaryote

53
Q

Have ribosomes

A

Eukaryotes & prokaryotes

54
Q

Includes organisms from kingdoms protist, fungi, plant ,& animal

A

Eukaryote

55
Q

Have DNA ( all kingdoms do)

A

Eukaryote & prokaryote

56
Q

Observed cells in pond water through his own invention . He made the 1st microscope

A

Leeuwennoek

57
Q

Observed cork & named cells.

A

Hooke

58
Q

Studied plant cells

A

Schleiden

59
Q

Studied animal cells

A

Schwann

60
Q

The idea that living things come from nonliving matter

A

Spontaneous generation

61
Q

Meat/maggot expieriment to disprove spontaneous generation

A

Pasteur

62
Q

Meat broth experiment to disprove spontaneous generation

A

Redi

63
Q

Proposed/ concluded that all cells come from pre existing cells

A

Virchow

64
Q

Command center of cell; DNA in the form of chromosomes is here.

A

Nucleus

65
Q

Small organelle in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

A

Nucleous

66
Q

The site of protein synthesis in prokaryotes & eukaryotes

A

Ribosomes

67
Q

Transport system of cell

A

ER

68
Q

Collects, packages,& distibutes proteins.

A

Golgibody

69
Q

Contains digestive enzymes to break down old cell parts

A

Lysosomes

70
Q

Storage tank of cell

A

Vacuole

71
Q

Organelle that conducts ‘respiration’ for the cell

A

Mitochondria

72
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

73
Q

Organelle that conducts ‘ photosynthesis’ for plant cells.

A

Chloroplast

74
Q

Assists in cell division in animal cells only

A

Cytoskeleton

75
Q

Made of cellulose(plants) or chitin(fungi)

A

Cell wall

76
Q

Would be quite numerous in a heart muscle cell b/c its very active ( animal)

A

Mitochondrion

77
Q

Would be numerous in a cell that produces large quantities of melanin ( plant)

A

Chloroplast

Honors Biology (4 decks)

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