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Anatomy I Test 5 > Lecture 44 - Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Lecture 44 - Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

Lower limb bud levels

A

L2-S2

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2
Q

Upper limb bud levels:

A

C5-T1

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3
Q

Development of upper and lower limbs

A
  • The great toes of the lower limbs (thumbs of upper limb) are located on the superior aspect of the buds
  • The soles (palms of the upper limb) are directed medially
  • Both limbs undergo torsion around their long axis but in the opposite direction – during the 7th week
  • The lower limbs rotate medially and the upper limbs rotate laterally about 90 degrees around their long axis
  • This rotation of the limbs is still in progress even after birth.
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4
Q

Structures that pass through the greater sciatic foramen:

A

a. Piriformis muscle
b. Superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves
c. Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
d. Sciatic nerve
e. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
f. Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus
g. Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus

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5
Q

Structures that pass through the lesser sciatic foramen:

A

a. Tendon of obturator internus
b. Internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve
c. Nerve to obturator internus

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6
Q

Superficial layer - Gluteal muscles:

A

gluteus maximus,
medius and minimus,
mainly extensors and abductors of thigh

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7
Q

Gluteus maximus m

A
  • Origin – sacrotuberous ligament, ilium (posterior to posterior gluteal line), sacrum and coccyx
  • Insertion – gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
  • Action – Extend and lateral rotate thigh; Rising from sitting position; Running
  • Nerve – Inferior gluteal
  • Blood vessels – Superior and inferior gluteal arteries
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8
Q

Gluteus medius m

A
  • Origin – ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal line
  • Insertion – Gr. Trochanter
  • Action – Abduction and medial rotation of thigh; Along with gluteus minimus stops hip from sagging on the unsupported side
  • Nerve – Superior gluteal
  • Blood vessel – Superior gluteal artery
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9
Q

Gluteus minimus m

A
  • Origin – ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
  • Insertion – Gr. Trochanter
  • Action – Abduction and medial rotation
  • Nerve – Superior gluteal
  • Blood supply – Superior gluteal a
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10
Q

Positive Trendelenburg Sign

A
  • –>damage to superior gluteal nerve
  • Waddling gait
  • High steppage gait
  • Swing out gait
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11
Q

Deep layer muscles:

A
  • –>Stabilizers of hip joint and lateral rotators of the thigh
  • piriformis
  • obturator internus
  • superior gamellus
  • inferior gamellus
  • quadratus femoris
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12
Q

Piriformis m

A
  • Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum (inside the pelvis)
  • Insertion: Greater Trochanter; Located partly in the pelvis and partly in the gluteal region
  • Nerve: S1, S2
  • Action: Lateral rotation of thigh
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13
Q

Obturator Internus m

A
  • Origin: obturator membrane and surrounding bone
  • Insertion: Greater Trochanter; Leaves pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen
  • Nerve: Nerve to obturator internus (L5-S2)
  • Action: Lateral rotation, extension, and abduction of flexed thigh
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14
Q

Superior Gemellus m

A
  • Origin: Ischial spine
  • Insertion: Tendon of obturator interns
  • Nerve: Same as obturator internus
  • Action: Same as obturator internus
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15
Q

Inferior Gemellus m

A
  • Origin: Ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion: Tendon of obturator internus
  • Nerve: Same as quadrates Femoris
  • Action: Same as obturator internus
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16
Q

Quadratus Femoris m

A
  • Origin: Ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion: Intertrochanteric crest
  • Nerve: Nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, S1)
  • Action: Laterally rotate thigh
17
Q

All branches of the sacral plexus pass through the…

A

greater sciatic foramen

18
Q

nerves of the sacral plexus supply

A

gluteal region
posterior thigh
entire leg
entire foot

19
Q

L4-S4 roots of the plexus split to give

A

anterior and posterior divisions

20
Q

Posterior division nerves

A
  • from L4-S4 roots
  • Common peroneal nerve
  • Superior gluteal
  • Inferior gluteal
  • Posterior femoral cutaneous- partly
  • Nerve to piriformis
21
Q

Anterior division nerves

A
  • from L4-S4 roots
  • Tibial nerve
  • N. to obturator internus
  • N. to quadratus femoris
  • Pudendal nerve
  • N. to levator ani
22
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves’ relationship to sacral plexus

A

THEY ARE NOT PART OF THE SACRAL PLEXUS

23
Q

Sacral Plexus info:

A
  • Lower part of lumbosacral plexus – the nerve plexus of lower limbs
  • The plexus as a whole is covered by branches of the internal iliac artery
  • The major part of the plexus lies on the anterior surface of the piriformis muscle
24
Q

S1-S4 nerves enter the pelvis through the

A

sacral foramina

25
Q

Superior gluteal n levels and details

A
  • ( L4-S1)
  • Exits through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle
  • All the other branches of the sacral plexus that leave the pelvis do so below the piriformis muscle
  • Injury to superior gluteal nerve would affect the gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fasciae latae muscles
26
Q

Inferior gluteal n levels and details

A
  • (L5-S2)

- Injury to this nerve would affect gluteus maximus muscle

27
Q

Sciatic n levels and details

A
  • (L4-S3)
  • Largest branch of the sacral plexus
  • Consist of two nerves:
    a. Tibial – anterior division(L4-S3)
    b. Common Peroneal –posterior division(L4-S2)
  • Injury to sciatic nerve
  • Will not affect any muscles in the gluteal region
28
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous n levels

A

S1-S3

29
Q

Nerve to quadratus femoris levels

A

L4-S1

30
Q

Nerve to obturator internus levels

A

L5-S2

31
Q

Pudendal nerve levels

A

S2-S4

32
Q

Cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region

A

a. Superior cluneal - dorsal primary rami
b. Medial cluneal - dorsal primary rami
c. Inferior cluneal - ventral primary rami

33
Q

Superior gluteal a supplies:

A
  • Originate directly or indirectly from internal iliac artery
  • Enter the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen
  • Supply Gluteus Maximus, medius and minimus and tensor fasciae latae
34
Q

Inferior gluteal a supplies:

A
  • Originate directly or indirectly from internal iliac artery
  • Enter the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen
  • Supply gluteus maximus and the short lateral rotators of thigh
35
Q

Internal pudendal a supplies:

A
  • Originate directly or indirectly from internal iliac artery
  • Enter the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen
  • Supplies the perineal region
36
Q

Gluteal veins are:

A
  • Tributaries of the internal iliac vein
    1) Superior and inferior gluteal
    2) Internal pudendal

Anatomy I Test 5 (6 decks)

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