1.8 - Genomics Flashcards
What is genomics?
The study of genomes.
What is genomic sequencing?
Determines the sequence of nucleotide bases for individual genes or entire genomes.
What is bioinformatics?
The use of computers and statistical analysis to compare sequence data.
What are three types of organisms which have had their genome sequences?
Pest species, disease-causing organisms and model organisms.
What is phylogenetics?
The study of evolutionary history and relationships.
What was the order of evolution of life on earth?
Last universal ancestor, prokaryotes, photosynthesis, eukaryotes, multicellular organisms, animals, vertebrates, land plants
How can we work out the sequence of evolution of life on Earth?
Using sequence data and fossil evidence.
How is a molecular clock constructed?
They assume a constant mutation rate and show differences in DNA sequences or amino acid sequences. The difference in sequences indicates the time of divergence from a common ancestor.
How could differences in DNA sequences tell you how distantly related two organisms are?
The more differences in the DNA sequences the more distantly related.
What is pharmacogenetics?
The use of genome information in the choice of drugs.
What are the three domains of life?
Archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes
What is personalised medicine?
An individual’s genome sequence can be used to select the most effective drugs and dosage to treat their disease.
Comparison of genomes has revealed?
That many genes are highly conserved across different organisms.
What is used to identify base sequences?
Computer programs, by looking for sequences similar to known genes.
