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ag-CCNA > 18 - IP Services III - Miscellaneous > Flashcards

18 - IP Services III - Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What are First Hop Redundancy Protocols?

A

Protocols that allow hosts to best take advantage of of redundant routers in a subnet e.g. as default routers

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2
Q

What are the 3 FHRP options?

A
  • HSRP
  • VRRP
  • GLBP
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3
Q

What is VRRP?

A

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

Approach: active/standby

Load balancing per subnet

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4
Q

What is GLBP?

A

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol

Approach: active/active

Load balancing per host

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5
Q

What model does HSRP operate under?

A

Active/Standby

Only ever one router a time actively supporting end user traffic, while other routes wait in standby state ready to take over if the active router encounters a problem

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6
Q

What would the MAC address entry be on a host for the currently active HSRP Routers virtual IP?

A

The virtual MAC of the active Router

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7
Q

How do switches change their MAC table entries for the HSRP Virtual MAC?

A

The new active router sends an Ethernet frame with a gratuitous ARP containing the VMAC entry but with ports that point towards R2

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8
Q

How could you do some load balancing with HSRP?

A
  • One router active for a given VLAN, then another for a different one
  • HSRP Groups
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9
Q

Where are are FHRPs needed?

A

Any device that acts as a default router

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10
Q

What is SNMP?

A

Application layer protocol for communication between managers and agents, where agents are devices on the network maintaining databases of information about themselves (config, status, counters, etc)

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11
Q

What is an SNMP Manager?

A

Network management app running on a server (NMS)

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12
Q

What is a NMS?

A

Network Management Station

Device that hosts an SNMP Manager

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13
Q

What is an SNMP Agent?

A

Software running inside each device (router, switch, etc) that maintains a database of information about that device

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14
Q

How does the SNMP Manager / NMS retrieve information from the Agents?

A

It polls them using SNMP get messages to retrieve information from their MIBs

  • SNMP Get
  • SNMP GetNext
  • SNMP GetBulk
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15
Q

What is an MIB?

A

SNMP Agents Management Information Base

Collection of information organized hierarchically

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16
Q

How can the NMS change configurations on an agent?

A

Sending SNMP Set messages

17
Q

How can SNMP Agents initiate communications to the NMS?

A

Using notifications messages such as SNMP Trap and Inform.

SNMP Agents can use Trap or Inform messages to list the state of certain MIB variables when those variables reach a certain state e.g. this interface is down

18
Q

How are SNMP Trap and Inform messages different?

A

Traps

  • Fire and forget
  • UDP, no guarantee of delivery or error recovery

Inform

  • SNMPv2 and up
  • UDP but add application layer reliability
  • NMS must acknowledge receipt with SNMP Response message
19
Q

What is an OID?

A

ObjectID that defines each variable in the MIB

20
Q

What is Cisco Prime?

A

NMS Application (SNMP Manager)

21
Q

What is the IFS?

A

IO File System

22
Q

What two entries typically denote physical storage on routers?

A

disk

usbflash

23
Q

True/False: Routers can boot IOS from USB flash drives

A

False

24
Q

What commands could you use to show flash memory content?

A

show flash

dir flash0:

25
Q

How do you verify the integrity of an IOS image using MD5?

A

verify /md5 flash0:img.bin {hash}

26
Q

How would you copy an IOS image from an FTP server to the router?

A

copy ftp://user:pass@ipaddress/imgpath flash

27
Q

How would you configure a username and password to be automatically used for FTP connections?

A

ip ftp username kboyle

ip ftp password pass123

28
Q

What Transport layer protocol does regular FTP use?

A

TCP

29
Q

What Transport layer protocol does TFTP use?

A

UDP

30
Q

How does TFTP check file integrity for transfers given it uses UDP?

A

It has a feature for checksum integrity checking

31
Q

What ports does FTP use?

A

Port 21 and sometimes 20

32
Q

How does FTP active mode work and when does it work well?

A

The Client notifies the server of a port that it is listening on for the server to connect to it (PORT command)

Works best when in the same network and not traversing firewalls or out to external FTP servers

33
Q

How does FTP passive mode work?

A

The Client connections to the server using (PASV), server responds telling the client to connect to it on a random dynamic port it chooses (PORT)

34
Q

What is FTPS?

A

FTP over TLS

Encrypts both the control and data connections

35
Q

What is the differences between SFTP and FTPS?

A

SFTP is FTP over SSH

36
Q

What port does TFTP use?

A

UDP port 69

37
Q

What two features can TFTP do?

A

Only get and put files

38
Q

True/False: TFTP has no auth

A

True

ag-CCNA (21 decks)

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