Eight-Principle Pattern

Question 1

what is COMBINATION in 8 principle pattern identification?

Answer 1

2 or 3 fold concurrence of either unpaired principles

ex: interior-exterior combination disease; vacuity-heat-interior combination disease
* most disease fall into this category

Question 2

what is CONVERSION in 8 principle pattern identification?

Answer 2

displacement of symptoms of one principle by symptoms of opposing principle of the pair

ex:
- external pattern converts to an interior pattern
- interior pattern exiting to exterior
- cold converts to heat pattern

Question 3

what are the factors in conversion disease?

Answer 3

• strength of pathogenic qi
• vacuity of right qi
• inappropriate treatment

Question 4

what is COMPLEX in 8 principle pattern identification?

Answer 4

Two possibilities; both are contradictory; there are signs of both co-existing

ex:

• simultaneous cold and heat
• simultaneous vacuity and repletion

Question 5

what are conditions characterized by false signs

Answer 5

it falls under purview of COMPLEX

• True heat and false cold
• True cold and false heat
• True repletion and false vacuity
• True vacuity and false repletion

Question 6

IN using 8 principles clinically, location denotes? give examples?

Answer 6

Combination

ex: exterior cold or exterior heat
ex: interior-vacuity-heat or interior vacuity-cold

Question 7

IN using 8 principles clinically, dynamics denotes? give examples?

Answer 7

Conversion
ex: exterior pattern entering the interior
vice versa

Question 8

IN using 8 principles clinically, false signs denotes? give examples?

Answer 8

Complex (True Condition and False Condition)
ex: true cold/false heat
vice versa

Question 9

what is EXTERIOR?

Answer 9

• skin and body hair; the skin and flesh; the fleshy exterior; superficial channels
• the space between skin & muscles, where Wei Qi circulates - this is the first place to be invaded by exterior pathogenic factors

Question 10

what is INTERIOR?

Answer 10

• bone marrow; viscera & bowels - zangfu organs; internal channels

Question 11

what is the most important symptoms to indicate that a condition has move from exterior to interior pattern?

Answer 11

• no longer has aversion to cold/wind = no floating pulse

- (now has aversion to heat)

Question 12

what are the signs of exterior conditions?

Answer 12

• acute
• short disease course (recent onset)
• mild conditions
• floating pulse, fever/chills
• aversion to wind/cold
• headache
• paon in limbs and joints
• heat effusion (patient feels feverish, does not necessarily mean it is a heat condition, cold can make the person feverish too)

Question 13

what is pathomechanism of aversion to wind or cold?

Answer 13

• depression of lung defense / wei qi

Question 14

what is pathomechanism of heat effusion?

Answer 14

defensive qi contends with evil qi

Question 15

what is pathomechanism of headache and limb pain?

Answer 15

pathogenic qi obstructing qi and blood flow in the channels

Question 16

what is pathomechanism of nasal congestion and cough?

Answer 16

obstruction of lung diffusion

Question 17

what are the 3 main causes of interior diseases?

Answer 17

1. externally-contracted pathogens penetrate to the interior
2. direct strike of external pathogens to the interior
3. other causes: affect-mind damage (7 emotions); dietary irregularities; taxation fatigue; viscera-bowel qi-blood irregularities

Question 18

what does a deep pulse generally indicate?

Answer 18

that the disease is on the interior

Question 19

when a pathogen penetrates to the interior in the course of externally-contracted disease, what are the 4 common possibilities?

Answer 19

1. interior heat
2. interior repletion
3. interior cold
4. interior vacuity

Question 20

what is midstage pattern?

Answer 20

midstage pattern means half-exterior and half-interior

- externally contracted pathogens depressed between the exterior and interior; inhibition of the lesser yang pivot

Question 21

what is dual exterior-interior?

Answer 21

2 main pathomechanism:

• pathogen simultaneously invades the exterior and interior
• OR, exterior pattern in which the pathogen interiorizes before the exterior is resolved

*NOT when an exterior condition affects someone who already has an interior condition

Question 22

what are the signs of dual exterior-interior pattern?

Answer 22

• heat/fever and aversion to cold
• headache
• aching bones
• abdominal pain and adiarrhea

Question 23

what are the 2 causes of cold patterns?

Answer 23

1. yin pathogens enter the body (repletion cold)

2. debilitated yang qi (vacuity cold)

Question 24

what are the general signs of cold pattern?

Answer 24

• moist white tongue fur

- no thirst or thirst with desire for warm fluids

Question 25

what are REPLETION COLD signs?

Answer 25

• -> tend to be abdominal
• pain in stomach duct or abdomen
• fulminant(severe and sudden onset) vomiting
• fulminant diarrhea or constipation
• fulminant panting and fullness in chest
• green-blue facial complexion
• tight pulse

Question 26

what are VACUITY COLD signs?

Answer 26

• aversion to cold
• somber-white facial complexion
• desire for quietness
• curled-up recumbent posture (shrimp position)
• counterflow cold limbs
• long voiding of clear urine
• slow pulse

Question 27

what are 2 causes of heat pattern?

Answer 27

1. invasion of yang pathogen

2. insufficiency of yin-humor

Question 28

what are signs of repletion heat pattern?

Answer 28

• red face
• red eyes
• vigorous fever
• vexation and agitation
• thirst for cool fluids
• hard dry bound stool
• short voiding of reddish urine
• red or crimson tongue with yellow fur
• pulse: rapid , surging, large

Question 29

what are signs of vacuity heat?

Answer 29

• vexing heat in 5 hearts
• steaming bone tidal fever
• dry throat and mouth
• smooth, bare red tongue
• fine rapid pulse