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XRAY 111 > IVP Unit > Flashcards

IVP Unit Flashcards

1
Q

What word describes a kidney?

A

filter

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2
Q

What does a kidney filter?

A

blood

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3
Q

What is it called when something goes against normal flow?

A

retrograde

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4
Q

What does IVP stand for?

A

intravenous pyelogram

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5
Q

During an IVP, does the contrast flow with normal flow or against normal flow?

A

with

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6
Q

What is an x-ray of the bladder called?

A

cystogram

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7
Q

What is the tube called that drains urine from the kidney to the bladder?

A

ureter

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8
Q

If someone has a urinary tract infection, they have an infection of what?

A

any or all part(s) of the urinary system (kidney, bladder, ureters, urethra)

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9
Q

For an LPO position, which side of the body is elevated?

A

right side

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10
Q

How many degrees is the body rotated for an oblique view of the kidney?

A

30°

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11
Q

Which portion of the kidneys is located more posteriorly?

A

superior portion

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12
Q

Are the kidneys located inside the peritoneum?

A

no (they are retroperitoneal)

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13
Q

Which kidney is lower in the body?

A

right (because of liver)

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14
Q

What body part(s) are demonstrated on an IVP?

A

urinary system

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15
Q

Why might we do an IVP exam?

A

view structures or look for a stone

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16
Q

Why would we not go ahead with an IVP?

A

allergy to contrast

renal failure (BUN 8-25 or Creatinine 0.6-1.5)

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17
Q

What are the steps to performing an IVP?

A

Have pt. empty bladder

Ask pt. about kidney problems/allergies & check labs

Take scout

Start IV

Inject contrast

Take images per protocol

Tomography

Post Void image(s)

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18
Q

What are the steps to performing a cystogram in the x-ray department?

A

Have pt. empty bladder

Put sheets/towels on table/take supine scout

Have nurse insert catheter into bladder (maintain sterile environment)

Hook up contrast & run it through catheter

Take AP KUB after pt. complains of full bladder (CR is on MSP, 2” below ASIS @ level of the hip)

Any additional images use 10”x12” IR

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19
Q

How is a retrograde cystogram done in the OR?

A

Urologist inserts a cytoscope through urethra to help him/her catheterize the ureter.

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20
Q

What are standard views for an IVP?

A

Abdomen KUB

OBL Kidneys @ 30° (CR is 2” lateral from midline toward elevated side @ level of crests)

Bladder Shot (CR is 2” below ASIS on MSP)

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21
Q

What type of organs are kidneys?

A

glandular

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22
Q

What are 2 functions of the kidneys?

A

remove waste from blood

maintain fluid/electrolyte balance

secrete substances to regulate blood pressure

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23
Q

What is the “cortex” portion of a kidney?

A

the outside portion

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24
Q

What is the “medullary” portion of a kidney?

A

the inside portion

25
Q

Are the kidneys included in the peritoneum?

A

no

26
Q

Which kidney is slightly longer & narrower?

A

left kidney

27
Q

When the body is rotated 30° for an LPO of RPO, which kidney lies perpendicular to the IR and which lies parallel to the IR?

A

lower kidney is perpendicular to IR

upper kidney is parallel to IR

28
Q

Which portion of the kidney is located more anteriorly?

A

lower portion

29
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

on the sides of the bladder

30
Q

Where is the hilum of a kidney located?

A

medial border

31
Q

What is the hilum (exhilum region)?

A

general area that is open for entry of blood vessels/nerves/ureters

32
Q

Calyces are designed to do what?

A

act as collecting systems for kidney waste

33
Q

Where is the bladder located?

A

immediately posterior & superior to pubic symphysis

34
Q

Where is prostate gland located?

A

posterior to lower portion of pubic symphysis

35
Q

What are some indications for an IVP/IVU?

A

Abdominal masses, renal cysts, renal tumors

urolithiasis (kidney stone)

pyelonephritis (inflammation)

hydronephrosis (fluid build-up)

trauma

pre-operative evaluation

renal hypertension (high BP)

36
Q

What does retrograde mean?

A

against the flow

37
Q

What does antegrade mean?

A

with the flow

38
Q

Which cystogram uses a higher concentration of contrast media, retrograde or antegrade?

A

antegrade

39
Q

Why do IVP scouts?

A

visualize kidney positions/size/shape

localize calcifications

assure proper positioning/technique

check GI tract is prepped (no poop)

40
Q

Why is a PA KUB better than an AP KUB for an IPV?

A

PA puts ureters closer to IR

41
Q

In tomography, each “cut” is assigned a number. Which portion of the kidney would have the higher number, the upper pole or lower pole?

A

lower pole

42
Q

When giving a child contrast for an IVP, how is the amount of contrast determined?

A

1cc per 10 lbs of body weight

43
Q

When doing a double contrast on a child for an IVP, what is used instead of gas crystals?

A

carbonated soft drink

44
Q

What are the side effects of IV contrast?

A

feeling warm/flushed

hives

nausea/vomiting

edema of respiratory membranes

45
Q

Nearly all life threatening reactions to contrast media occur when?

A

immediately or within 20 minutes of being injected

46
Q

What is the initial contrast “blush” of the kidney called?

A

nephrogram phase

47
Q

When will the greatest concentration of contrast media be seen?

A

15-20 minutes after injection

48
Q

What does the prone position do after contrast has been injected?

A

helps to fill ureters

49
Q

What are the breathing instructions for all IVP images?

A

all exposures are done at the end of expiration

50
Q

What is another word for post-void?

A

micturition

51
Q

What does a post-void IVP/Cystogram image show?

A

small tumor masses

prostate enlargement

52
Q

If a patient has a catheter bag, what must be done before starting IVP/Cystograms?

A

bag must be clamped

53
Q

How much contrast media concentration is used for a cystogram?

A

30%

54
Q

How much contrast media concentration is used for a retrograde IVP?

A

30%

55
Q

How much contrast media concentration is used for an antegrade IVP?

A

50-70%

56
Q

What does nosocomial mean?

A

originating in a hospital

57
Q

How is an Oblique image done for a cystogram?

A

rotate pt. 40°-60°

CR is 2” superior to pubic symphysis & 2” medial to upper ASIS

extend and abduct uppermost thigh so it doesn’t superimpose on bladder

58
Q

How is a Lateral done for a cystogram?

A

True lateral - flex knees

CR is 2” superior to pubic symohysis @ MCP

density may need to be increased if photo-timing or can use an L-5/S-1 spot technique

59
Q

How is a Voiding Cystogram image done?

A

Upright or supine

Fluoro or overheads

Rotate pt. 35°-40° degrees

males may use urinal/Females use towels

XRAY 111 (2 decks)

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