Chapter 9 - General Survey...

Question 1

Endogenous obesity is caused by…

Answer 1

excess adrenocorticotropin production by the pituitary gland

Question 2

Physical appearance includes statements that compare appearance with…

Answer 2

stated age

Question 3

What are the four main point of the general survey?

Answer 3

physical appearance
body structure
mobility
behavior

Question 4

General Survey: Physical Appearance

Answer 4

Age
Sex
Level of consciousness
Skin color
Facial Features
Signs of distress

Question 5

General Survey: Body Structure

Answer 5

Stature
Nutrition
Symmetry
Posture
Position
Body Build/Contour
Any physical deformities

Question 6

General Survey: Mobility

Answer 6

Gait
ROM
Any involuntary movmt?

Question 7

General Survey: Behavior

Answer 7

Facial expression
Mood/Affect
Speech
Manor of thought delivery
Dress
Personal hygiene

Question 8

A healthy BMI is …

How to calculate manually?

Answer 8

19 - 25

Or, you can calculate with the following formula:

BMI=Weight (inpounds)/
Height (ininches)2 ×703

Or

BMI=Weight (inkilograms) / Height (inmeters)2

Question 9

Stroke Volume –> Pulse

Answer 9

The amount of blood pumped into the aorta of the heart in a given beat (about 70mL in the adult)

Pulse = 50-90 beats/min

Question 10

systolic pressure

Answer 10

is the maximum pressure felt on the artery during left ventricular contraction, or systole.

Question 11

diastolic pressure

Answer 11

is the elastic recoil, or resting, pressure that the blood exerts constantly between each contraction.

Question 12

pulse pressure

Answer 12

is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures and reflects the stroke volume

Question 13

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 13

is the pressure forcing blood into the tissues, averaged over the cardiac cycle

not an arithmetic average of systolic and diastolic pressures because diastole lasts longer

Rather, it is a value closer to diastolic pressure plus 1/3 the pulse pressure

Question 14

Blood Pressure & Race

Answer 14

frican American adult’s BP is often higher than that of a white person of the same age. The incidence of hypertension is twice as high in African Americans as in whites.

Question 15

Diurnal rhythm

Answer 15

A daily cycle of a peak and a trough occurs: the BP climbs to a high in late afternoon or early evening and then declines to an early morning low.

Question 16

Cardiac output

Answer 16

If the heart pumps more blood into the container (i.e., the blood vessels), the pressure on the container walls increases

Question 17

Gigantism

Answer 17

Excessive secretion of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary resulting in overgrowth of entire body.

during childhood, before closure of bone epiphyses in puberty, it causes increased height (here 2.09 m, or 6 ft 9 in) and weight and delayed sexual development

Question 18

Acromegaly (Hyperpituitarism)

Answer 18

Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adulthood, after normal completion of body growth, causes overgrowth of bone in the face, head, hands, and feet but no change in height.

Internal organs also enlarge (e.g., cardiomegaly), and metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes mellitus) may be present

Question 19

Marfan’s Syndrome

Answer 19

inherited connective tissue disorder, characterized by tall, thin stature (greater than 95th percentile), arachnodactyly (long, thin fingers), hyperextensible joints, arm span greater than height, pubis-to-sole measurement exceeding crown-to-pubis measurement, sternal deformity, high-arched narrow palate, and pes planus.

Question 20

Endogenous Obesity—Cushing Syndrome

Answer 20

Either administration of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or excessive production of ACTH by the pituitary will stimulate the adrenal cortex to secrete excess cortisol.

characterized by weight gain and edema with central trunk and cervical obesity (buffalo hump) and round, plethoric face (moon face).

Excessive catabolism causes muscle wasting; weakness; thin arms and legs; reduced height; and thin, fragile skin with purple abdominal striae, bruising, and acne.

Question 21

Hypotension

Answer 21

<95/60

increased pulse, dizziness, diaphoresis, confusion, and blurred vision. (Jarvis 156)
Jarvis, Carolyn. Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 6th Edition. Saunders, 2012. VitalBook file.

Question 22

Hypertension

Answer 22

> 120/80

Question 23

Ratio of pulse rate to respiratory rate should be approximately

Answer 23

4:1

Question 24

Bradycardia

Answer 24

(slow <60)