Physiology Flashcards
Average liquid intake/output per day
2500 ml
hypotonic
cells swells
hypertonic
cell shrinks
what is the only organ in the body that has two capillary networks?
kidney
basic mechanisms of urine formation
filtration, reabsorption, secretion, excretion
renal clearance of a substance
the volume of plasma completely cleared of a substance per min by the kidneys.
How is clearance used to measure GFR?
For a substance that is freely filtered, but not reabsorbed or secreted (inulin, 125 I-iothalamate, creatinine), renal clearance is equal to GFR
Theoretically, if a substance is completely cleared from the plasma, what does its clearance rate equal?
renal plasma flow
Which of the following molecules pass freely through the filtration membrane into the capsular space: H2O, electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, nitrogenous wastes?
All of them pass freely
What happens when the basement membrane is damaged?
plasma proteins or blood cells pass through
Normal GFR for average adult male
125 ml/min
Describe the myogenic mechanism of the nephron that prevents drastic changes in GFR when BP rises
Constriction of the afferent arteriole and Dilation of the efferent arteriole
What effect do prostaglandins, fever, glucocorticoids, and hyperglycemia have on GFR?
increase it
What percent of the cardiac output do the kidneys receive?
22%
How much of the glomerular filtrate does the PCT reabsorb and return to the blood?
65%
