deck_1861386

Question 1

Draw three types of ion channels and three receptors and explain how they affect ion influx and interact?

Answer 1

• 4 types of ion channels - Voltage gated, ligand-gated ion channel (ionotropic), membrane delimited metabotropic ion channel, Diffusible second messenger metabotropic ion channel (responds to messenger)- More info

Question 2

Apply the 4 listed ion channel blockers to a clinically-based scenario?

Answer 2

Tetrodotoxin: blocks sodium channels Alpha-bungarotoxin: nicotinic Ach receptor Picrotoxin: GABAa receptor blockerStrychnine: Glycine receptor blocker x

Question 3

Draw a synapse with the following elements: post-synaptic receptor, reuptake transporter, sites of metabolism

Answer 3

—| |- - - – - | - - - - - - * )—| |——-

Question 4

List a nucleus producing norepinephrine?

Answer 4

Locus Coeruleus

Question 5

Apply the order of metabolism of the 3 catecholamines to a clinically-relevant scenario?

Answer 5

Catecholamine pathway: Tyrosine –> DOPA –> DOPAMINE –> NOREPINEPHRINE –>EPINEPHRINE

Question 6

Apply one drug of abuse acting on norepinephrine systems to a clinically-relevant scenario?

Answer 6

Cocaine - Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Question 7

Apply one SNRI to a clinically- relevant scenario?

Answer 7

Desipramine, maprotyline, and protyptiline (SNRIs) are selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Question 8

Apply the 3 dopaminergic pathways and one associated pathology or physiological rold for each to a clinically-relevant scenario?

Answer 8

1) Tuberingundibular —> Neurohypophysis & median eminence2) Nigrostriatal System: substantia nigra–> Caudate/ putamen - F’d up inParkinson’s Disease3) Mesolimbic Pathway: VTA & Substantia Nigra —> nucleus accumbens - F’d up in Schizophrenia

Question 9

Apply the precursor of dopamine used for Parkinson’s disease and the enzyme inhibitor that is often combined with it in a single pill to a clinically-relevant scenario?

Answer 9

L-Dopa (and carbidopa) are dopamine precursors -Sinemet is a drug that contains L-Dopa and Carbidopa (inhibits dopa decarboxylase)

Question 10

Apply one anti-psychotic agent and the receptor it acts on to a clinically-relevant scenario?

Answer 10

Anti-psychotics are mostly DA2 receptor antagonists (ex. spiroperidol, pimozide, haloperidol — phenothiazines)

Question 11

List the primary nucleus of 5-HT production and 2 sites of projection. Apply the extent of these projections to a clinically-relevant scenario?

Answer 11

Raphe Magnus is the primary site of production and projects to the hypothalamus, cortex, and subiculum mainly (also to the olfactory bulb, thalamus, and basal ganglia)

Question 12

Describe the effect of GABA stimulation?

Answer 12

GABA is mainly in short interneurons and stimulation of GABA receptors mostly hyperpolarizes cells- therefore depressants.

Question 13

Apply the 7 listed transmitter receptor agonists to clinically-relevant scenarios?

Answer 13

ACh –> Muscarinic (M1) receptor via mscarineDopamine –> D1, D2 via bromocryptineGABA –> GABAa –> muscimol and barbituratesGlutamate –> NMDA –> NMDAGlycine –> Taurine –> B-alanine5-HT serotonin –> 5-HT1A –> LSDCheck above answers

Question 14

Apply one benzodiazepine and the receptor upon which it acts to a clinically-relevant scenario?

Answer 14

Valium and Librium bind to another site on GABAa receptor