1866-1871

Question 0

April 1866. What did Bismarck do to ensure Italian support in Austro-Prussian war?

Answer 0

Signed a treaty with Italy for joint war with Austria within 3 months to secure Venetia.

Question 1

When was the Zollverein renewed to ensure the continued exclusion of Austria?

Answer 1

Jan 1866

Question 2

When was the Reformverein dissolved?

Answer 2

May 1866

Question 3

When was the Austro-Prussian War (Seven Weeks War) and why was it’s length significant?

Answer 3

1866 June 18th to July 26th

Relatively quick war. Showed military strength of Prussia.

Question 4

Why did the Nationalverein condemn the Austro-Prussian war?

Answer 4

It was ‘anti-National’

Question 5

Why did the Austro-Prussian war show that Prussia’s influence over the region was not dominant?

Answer 5

No states supported Prussia!!

Most states supported Austria and some remained neutral.

Question 6

What did the Peace of Prague (July 1866) do?

Answer 6

Replaced Bund with North German Confederation.

Question 7

What was the Indemnity Bill 1866?

Answer 7

Ended constitutional crisis. Nationalists agreed to work with government with compromise of no Liberalism. (Accept compromises to the constitution).

Question 8

Pro-est, how did the indemnity bill change Natism?

Answer 8

Pro-est for the first time since the HRE.

Question 9

How did the Nationalist aims change after 1866?

Answer 9

Political and cultural unity to unity within the state.

Question 10

When was the National Liberal Party established?

Answer 10

1867!

Question 11

When was the SPD established?

Answer 11

1869

Question 12

When was Papal Infallibility and why was it significant?

Answer 12

July 1870
Tied Catholic loyalties to the Pope (who had condemned G Liberalism in Syllabus of Errors 1864). Therefore all Catholics were Reichsfeinde. Inspired Kultirkampf.

Question 13

What was the Ems interview and Telegram 1870?

Answer 13

Interview: French ambassador Bendetti sent to Ems to persuade William I to forbid Leopold Hohenzollern’s acceptance of Spanish Throne.
Telegram: Bismarck published edited version of William I’s decision to later claim that the humiliation of the French Ambassador pushed France into war.

Question 14

What does the Ems Telegram show about the media in 1870 and the economic context ?

Answer 14

Developing. Mass audience for public humiliation of France. Facilitated by economic context and increase of literacy rates due to improved communications.

Question 15

When was the Franco-Prussian War?

Answer 15

July 1870

Question 16

Battle of Sedan. Napoleon surrenders 1870. What does this show about the strength of the Prussian military?

Answer 16

Strong! Defeated both Austria and France within 5 years of each other. (A and F both shaped the German region since 1806, therefore powerful)

Question 17

What shows the dominance of Prussia in the North German Confederation’s army?

Answer 17

Moltke was the head of NGC army. Prussian General.

Question 18

What shows political dominance of Prussia in German Empire?

Answer 18

William it becomes first German Emperor.
Bismarck was appointed German Chancellor.
Prussian majority in parliament was enough to ensure no constitutional change.
William had the ability to veto.

Question 19

When and where was the German Empire declared?

Answer 19

January 1871
Hall of Mirrors, Versailles
Humiliation to France as on French soil.

Question 20

Why was 1871 a turning point in the popularity of Nationalism?

Answer 20

First time that Nationalism could be popular. Not illegal. Could be pro-establishment after 1866. Gov policies made to unify population using nationalism.

Question 21

What boosted the German economy at the start of 1871?

Answer 21

5 million franc war indemnity and France ceded Alsace Lorraine to Germany