Chapter 7 Flashcards
ORAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: Describe the stages of tooth development
When teeth are in the odontogenesis phase (tooth formation) they go through three developmental periods called categories: growth, calcification, and eruption.
The term emergence describes the tooth as it breaks through the gingival tissue.
Dental development usually begins in the fifth or sixth week of prenatal life
The growth period of development is divided into the bud, cap, and bell stages
Usually 10 tooth buds are present in each dental arch and they give rise to future primary teeth. Tooth buds for the permanent teeth form between the 17th-week of fetal life through the age of 5 years.
The CAP stage is also known as proliferation (reproduction or multiplication) in which the cells of the tooth grow and the tooth bud takes a hollowed cap-like shape.
The BELL stage is the last period of growth is also known as histodifferentiation (the acquisition of tissue characteristics by cell groups) or bell stage.
Calcification is the process by which organic tissue (the matrix formed during apposition) becomes hardened by a deposit of calcium or any mineral salts.
For permanent teeth, it takes about 3 years from crown completion to the time the tooth emerges into the mouth.
When primary teeth prepare to fall out and make way for the eruption of permanent teeth, they go through a process called exfoliation (SHEDDING).
Histology is the study of anatomy including the minute structure, composition, and functions of tissues.
Oral histology describes in detail the tissues of the teeth, periodontium, and the surrounding oral mucosa.
A tooth is divided into two parts: the crown and one or more roots.
The crown is divided into the anatomic and the clinical crown.
The ANATOMICAL crown is the portion of the tooth encased in enamel.
The term CLINICAL crown is applied to the part of the crown exposedB(visible) in the mouth.
The root of a tooth is covered by cementum and embedded in a thin layer of compact bone that forms the tooth socket; this is called ALVEOLAR BONE.
When teeth have more than one root, the region where the roots separate is called the FURCATION.
Two roots its called BIFURCATED, three roots TRIFURCATED, and four or more it is MULTIROOTED.
The TIP of each root is called the APEX.
On the apex the small opening that allows passage of blood vessels and nerves into the tooth is called the APICAL FORAMEN.
The point at which the cementum joins the enamel at the cervix of the tooth is called the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) or cervical line.
Enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body can consist of appx 96% inorganic minerals, 1% organic, and 3% water and it also protects the dentin. Calcium and phosphorus are its main inorganic components.
Enamel is formed by epithelial cells (ameloblasts) that lose their functional ability when the crown of the tooth been completed.
Dentin consist of approx. 70% inorganic matter, 30% organic matter and water.
Dentin is a living tissue that transmits pain stimuli by way of dentinal fibers.
Tissues that surround and support the teeth are collectively called the periodontium and main functions are to support , protect and nourishment to the teeth.
The alveolar crest is the highest point of the alveolar ridge and joins the facila and lingual cortical plaes.
The three dentition periods.: Primary, Permanent, and Mixed. Primary dentition = 20 teeth (baby teeth)
Permanent dentition= 32 teeth (adult teeth) Mixed is when primary teeth are shedding and permanent teeth are erupting.
Gingival Sulcus: Area between the unattached gingiva and the tooth. Popcorn hullsget trapped in this area.
The Universal Numbering System is a simplified method of identifying teeth that is approved by the American Dental Association (ADA).
The second molars are often called 12-year molars because they erupt when a child is about 12yrs old.
NO FACTS CONTINUE WITH TERMS
Acute Pulpitis
inflammation of tooth pulp
