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ESA 2- MSK > Bones, Joints And Terminology Of Movement (1) > Flashcards

Bones, Joints And Terminology Of Movement (1) Flashcards

0
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton and its role?

A
  • Skull
  • Vertebral column
  • Rib cage
  • Protection and support
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1
Q

What is the role of bone?

A
  • Support
  • Protect
  • Shape
  • Movement (attachment for muscle/levers)
  • Haemopoiesis (red marrow)
  • Mineral storage (bone matrix)
  • Lipid storage (yellow marrow)
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2
Q

What consists of the appendicular skeleton and its role?

A
  • Upper limb: shoulder girdle, arms, hands
  • Lower limb: pelvic girdle, legs, feet
  • Mobility
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3
Q

What are the processes to form long bone?

A
  • Diaphysis (Primary ossification centre)
  • Epiphysis (Secondary ossification centre)
  • Metaphysis in between
  • Between Metaphysis and epiphysis = epiphyseal growth plate
  • Apophysis
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4
Q

What are the 3 different types of joints?

A
  • Fibrous: don’t move (fixed/immovable) - long bones/flat bones - skull/gums
  • Cartilaginous: synchodroses (primary cartilaginous) - hyaline cartilage connections. Symphyses (secondary cartilaginous) - fibrocartilagenous
  • Synovial: synovial membrane and fluid - articular cartilage/hyaline
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5
Q

What are the 5 different types of synovial?

A
  • Hinge: allows flexion and extension
  • Saddle: concave and convex joint surfaces
  • Pivot: allows rotation
  • Condyloid: permits flexion, extension, addiction, abduction and circumduction
  • Ball and socket: allows several axes of movement
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6
Q

How is stability given to joints?

A
  • Articulating surfaces
  • Ligaments
  • Muscles/muscle tone.
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7
Q

What are the following:

  • Tuberosity
  • Tubercle
  • Spinous process
  • Trochanter
A
  • Tuberosity: roughened, rounded elevation
  • Tubercle: smaller elevation
  • Spinous process: slender projection
  • Trochanter: large projection of femur
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8
Q

What are the following:

  • Condyle
  • Epicondyle
  • Facet
  • Crest
A
  • Condyle: large prominence/rounded surface
  • Epicondyle: smaller prominence above a condyle
  • Facet: flattened surface for joint/muscle attachment
  • Crest: Ridge
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9
Q

What are the following:

  • Sinus
  • Meatus
  • Fossa
  • Fonamen
A
  • Sinus: hollow space
  • Meatus: tunnel/canal
  • Fossa: depression
  • Fonamen: hole/opening
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10
Q

What are the following:

  • Fissure
  • Notch
A
  • Fissure: cleft/narrow slit

- Notch: large groove

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11
Q

What is the sagittal plane?

A
  • Cut from front (anterior) to back (posterior)
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12
Q

What is the transverse plane?

A
  • Horizontally
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13
Q

What is the coronal plane?

A
  • Cut perpendicular to sagittal, cross section from face on.
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14
Q

What is the name of the palm and upper surface of the hands and feet?

A
  • Palm: palmar surface
  • Upper surface: dorsal
  • Sole: plantar surface
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15
Q

What is the median sagittal plane?

A
  • Cut straight down centre of body
16
Q

What are the edges closest to median sagittal plane (MSP) called?

A
  • Medial border
17
Q

What are the edges furthest from the MSP?

A
  • Lateral border
18
Q

What are the areas closest to the origin of limb called?

A
  • Proximal
19
Q

What are the areas furthest from the origin of limb called?

A
  • Distal
20
Q

What is flexion?

A
  • Decreasing angle to body
21
Q

What is extension?

A
  • Increasing angle to body
22
Q

What is abduction?

A
  • Away from body
23
Q

What is adduction?

A
  • Towards the body
24
Q

What is medial rotation?

A
  • Internal rotation
25
Q

What is lateral rotation?

A
  • External rotation.
26
Q

Hands facing up is called what? And what’s the opposite?

A
  • Palms up: suprination

- Palms down: protonation

27
Q

What does flexion and extension of the hand look like?

A
  • Flexion: camp

- Extension: carrying tray

28
Q

Moving fingers apart is what?

A
  • Abduction
29
Q

Moving fingers together is what?

A
  • Adduction
30
Q

Fingers 90 degrees to hand is called what?

A
  • Flexion
31
Q

Fingers straight is what?

A
  • Extension
32
Q

What is circulation?

A
  • Circular motion
33
Q

What is thumb abduction, adduction, flexion and extension?

A
  • Abduction: ‘thumbs up’
  • Adduction: ‘in hand’
  • Flexion: ‘in palm’
  • Extension: ‘flat palm’
34
Q

What is opposition and reposition of the thumb?

A
  • Opposition: thumb and little finger together

- Reposition: thumb and little finger apart.

35
Q

What is being on tiptoes called?

A
  • Plantarflexion
36
Q

What is raised toes called?

A
  • Dorsiflexion

ESA 2- MSK (10 decks)

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