Nutrition Basics

Question 1

Macronutrients

Answer 1

• carbohydrates (fibers & sugars), protein, fats
• provide calories
• all foods are one or a combinations of macronutrients

Question 2

micronutrients

Answer 2

vitamins & minerals

Question 3

non-nutrients

Answer 3

compounds other than the six nutrients present in food that have biological activity in the body

Question 4

phyto-chemicals

Answer 4

• non-nutrient compounds in plant-derived food that have biological activity in the body
• confer color and taste on foods
• many thought to reduce disease

Question 5

carbohydrates

Answer 5

primary source of fuel for the body, brain, and muscles

Question 6

proteins

Answer 6

build new cells and tissues, & important for regulating breakdown of food, and food balance

Question 7

fats

Answer 7

important for providing energy, fat-soluble vitamins, and essential fatty acids

Question 8

health benefits of fiber

Answer 8

blood sugar, cholesterol, digestive health, and feelings of fullness

Question 9

unsaturated fats

Answer 9

• mono & poly unsaturated
• considered heart healthy
• found in olive oil, nuts, fish, avocado..

Question 10

saturated fats

Answer 10

animal products, coconut & palm oils, fried foods, sweets, bacon

Question 11

trans fat

Answer 11

ALWAYS UNHEALTHY

-AKA partially hydrogenated oils

Question 12

enriched/fortified foods

Answer 12

nutrients have been added

Question 13

fast foods

Answer 13

food available w/in minutes after order

Question 14

functional foods

Answer 14

foods known to possess nutrients or non-nutrients that might lend protection against diseases

Question 15

natural foods

Answer 15

• not a legal definition

- implies wholesomeness

Question 16

nutraceutical

Answer 16

• not a legal definition/scientific term

- refers to foods, nutrients, or dietary supplements that are believed to have medicinal effects (often unproven)

Question 17

organic foods

Answer 17

foods grown w/o synthetic pesticides or fertilizers

Question 18

partitioned foods

Answer 18

composed of parts of whole foods (ex.- butter from milk)

-generally overused and provide few nutrients and many calories

Question 19

processed foods

Answer 19

foods subjected to any process- such as milling, texture alteration, addition of additives, cooking, etc.
-may or may not be nutritious

Question 20

staple foods

Answer 20

used frequently/daily, can be nutritious

Question 21

basic/whole foods

Answer 21

foods in their natural state, meats, milk, fish, vegetables, fruits, grains