18B Organic Nitrogen Flashcards
(33 cards)
what is functional group for amines?
R-NH2
what is the functional group for amides?
R-C=ONH2
de-esterification of esters
r - NH3 (aq)
c - reflux
p - amide
nucleophilic addition of acyl chlorides
r - NH3 (aq) or conc. HCl
c - room temp
p - amide
dehydration of carboxylic acids
r - NH3 (aq)
c - reflux
p - amide
hydrolysis of amides
r - HCl (aq) or H2SO4 (aq)
c - reflux
p - carboxylic acid
dehydration of amides
r - P4O10
c - reflux
p - nitrile
hydrolysis of nitriles
r - HCl (aq) or NaOH (aq)
c - reflux
p - amide
hoffman degradation of amides
r - Br2, NaOH (aq)
c - reflux
p - amine
nucleophilic addition of amines
r - acylchloride
c - reflux
p - secondary amide
nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes (Sn) to form amines
r - conc. NH3 in ethanol
c - heat in a sealed tube
p - amine
reduction of nitriles
r - LiAlH4
c - dry ether, reflux
p - amine
neutralisation of amines
r - HCl (aq) or H+ (aq)
c - room temp
p - R-NH3+Cl-
acylation of amines
r - RCOCl
c - room temp
p - secondary amide
amines to amines acting as a base
r - water
c - room temp
p - R-NH3+ OH-
ligand exchange of amines
r - [Cu(H2O)6]2+ (aq)
c - room temp
p - copper complex ion
[Cu-R-H20]2+
secondary, tertiary amine formation from primary amine
r - excess CH3CH2Cl in ethanol
c - reflux
p - amine
nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes (Sn) to form nitriles
r - KCN, ethanol
c - reflux
p - nitrile
hydrolysis of nitriles
r - HCl (aq)
c - reflux
p - amides
how are hydroxynitriles formed from carbonyls?
r - KCN, H2SO4
c - reflux, pH 8 buffer
p - hydroxynitrile
hydrolysis of dipeptides
r - conc. HCl (aq) , H2O
c - reflux
p - amino acid
describe amphoteric behaviour
when something acts as both an acid and a base
how are polyamides formed?
from the reaction between dicarboxylic acids and diamines
elimination of water results in long chain polymers
monomer units are linked with amide bonds
what else can be used to make polyamides?
diacylchlorides
HCl is lost instead of water so should be done in fume cupboard
