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18LP Pilots Environment Flashcards

1
Q

What instruments are affected by the pitot static system

A

Airspeed, altimeter, vertical speed indicator

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2
Q

What are the two major parts of the pitot static system

A

The Peto tube with impact pressure chambers and lines,

static air vents with static pressure chambers and lines

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3
Q

Static air vents are the source of _______pressure

A

External atmospheric

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4
Q

What instruments are affected if the static air vents are blocked

A

All three Peto static system instruments: altimeter, airspeed indicator, vertical speed indicator

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5
Q

Pressure is sensed by a _______ in the altimeter and converted to an altitude

A

Aneroid wafer, barometer

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6
Q

What does the altimeter indicate

A

Height above sea level when set to the local altimeter setting

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7
Q

The altimeter setting of 29.92 is always used for flights at _____

A

And above 18,000 feet MSL

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8
Q

When flying from higher pressure to lower pressure the altimeter will read___.

A

A higher altitude than the actual altitude

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9
Q

When flying from lower pressure to higher pressure the altimeter will read_____.

A

A lower altitude than actual altitude

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10
Q

VSI measures what

A

The rate of climb or discent in hundreds of feet per minute

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11
Q

The VSI gives immediate indication of changes in _______and utilizes _____pressure only

A

Altitude and static pressure

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12
Q

On the airspeed indicator, what do these colors mean?

White arc, green arc, yellow arc, red line

A

White- flap operating range
Green- normal operating range
Yellow- caution range
Red line- never exceed speed

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13
Q

What is the only instrument that uses the pitot tube for information

A

The airspeed indicator

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14
Q

What is the difference in indicated airspeed and true airspeed?

A

IAS- read directly from airspeed indicator

TAS-airspeed corrected for temperature and pressure

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15
Q

What airspeed is used for flight plans that are being filed

A

True airspeed

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16
Q

True airspeed and indicated airspeed are approximately _______at sea level

A

Equal

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17
Q

Indicated airspeed becomes _____ then true airspeed as altitude increases

A

Less

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18
Q

What is the only self contained direction seeking instrument in an aircraft

A

The magnetic compass

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19
Q

This is mounted behind the glass of the instrument that can be used for a reference line when aligning the headings on the Compass card

A

Lubber line

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20
Q

What type of Compass error is this?

Angular difference between true North and direction indicated by the magnetic compass

A

Variation

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21
Q

What type of Compass error is this?

Magnetic compass error caused by electromagnetic interference with in the aircraft

A

Deviation

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22
Q

What are two types of Compass errors

A

Variation and deviation

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23
Q

What flight instruments use a gyroscope for their operation

A

Turn coordinator,
heading indicator (directional gyro),
attitude indicator

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24
Q

In some aircraft the gyros are _______, ____ or _____operated

A

Vacuum, pressure, electrically

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25
What instruments would be affected if the vacuum pump failed
Heading indicator, attitude indicator
26
What are the two fundamental properties of a gyroscope
Rigidity in space and Percision
27
A body at rest will remain at rest; or if in motion in a straight line it will continue in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force. What law is this
Newtons first law of motion
28
What is newtons first law of motion?
A body at rest will remain at rest
29
All flight instruments using the gyroscope property rely on _____ for their operation
Rigidity
30
What is the second property of a gyroscope
Percision
31
A turn coordinator is what 2 instruments combined into one
Rate of turn indicator and inclinometer
32
What instrument in a turn coordinator uses a gyroscopic principal for its operation
Rate of turn indicator
33
The inclinometer of the turn coordinator indicates the coordination of
The aileron and rudder
34
A standard rate of turn is _____degrees per second and the aircraft should complete a 360 in ______
3 | 2 min
35
The ball on a inclinometer indicates whether the airplane is in coordinated flight or a _____ _____
Slip or skid
36
The heading indicator is also referred to as
Directional Gyro DG
37
This is a mechanical instrument designed to facilitate the use of the magnetic compass
Heading indicator/DG
38
Is a heading indicator affected by the forces that make a magnetic compass difficult to interpret?
It is not affected
39
Because of ______caused chiefly by friction, the heading indicator creeps or drifts from a heading
Precession
40
The heading indicator is not a direction seeking instrument, however the ____ is
Magnetic compass
41
What may be obtained from the attitude indicator
Degrees of bank
42
What is the most realistic flight instrument on the instrument panel
The attitude indicator
43
Name the instruments that are used by the pilot to determine position, Course, and distance traveled 7
``` Automatic direction finder ADF VOR instrument, instrument landing system ILS receiving equipment, radio magnetic indicator RMI horizontal situation indicator HSI, distance measuring equipment DME, global positioning system GPS ```
44
The automatic direction finder is used to navigate using _______
Nondirectional radio beacons NDBs
45
What presents information to indicate bearing to or from the station
The VOR receiver
46
This instrument consist of an Omni bearing selector OBS, course deviation indicator needle, to- from indicator, and navigation frequency tuner
VOR instrument
47
What is a radial and a reciprocal on a VOR instrument
Radial- magnetic course from the station | Reciprocal- magnetic course to the station
48
ILS receiving equipment is used to do what
Make an ILS approach
49
The red localizer and glideslope warning flags appear when ________ to actuate the needles
Insufficient voltage is received | Also appear when an unstable signal or receiver malfunction occurs
50
The radio magnetic indicator RMI is designed to receive what
Both VOR and NDB signals
51
The RMI consist of what three things
Rotating compass card, double barred bearing indicator single barred bearing indicator
52
The RMI can be set up to indicate either bearing to ____ or to ____
Waypoint or VORTAC
53
HSI
Horizontal situation indicator
54
The horizontal situation indicator is a combination of what three instruments
Heading indicator, VOR/LOC indicator, glideslope indicator
55
The DME is used in conjunction with the VOR system to show the pilot the exact distance from that_____.
VOR
56
The DME transmit a ________signal which is received by the DME ______antenna at the ground facility.
Interrogating, transponder
57
This instrument provides accurate position, speed, precise time information on a continuous global basis, reported and latitude and longitude.
GPS
58
The VOR course deviation needle indicate the Aircrafts position in relation to the selected______.
Radial
59
The range displayed on the DME indicator is called _____range
Slant
60
The NAV/COM incorporates what two radios in one unit
Navigation and communications radios
61
Civilian transceivers operate in what frequency range?
VHF | Very high frequency
62
What is used to set beacon codes a signed by Atc?
The transponder
63
When a controller assigns a Beacon code to an aircraft he/she uses the word_____
Squawk
64
The_______ is the airborne portion of the secondary radar system
Transponder
65
True or false | A transponder is also required to operate in certain controlled air spaces
True
66
A transponder code consists of____ numbers, ranging from _____to_____ how many possible codes?
4 numbers, 0 to 7, 4096 possible codes.
67
What codes are assigned only to one aircraft for identification purposes?
Discrete codes
68
What squawk codes are used in aviation, e.g. 7700 emergency, 1200 VFR
Non-discrete codes
69
What has to be set on the mode C for secondary radar to receive altitude information?
ALT on the aircraft mode C
70
This is a computer system that uses a large database to allow routes to be pre-programmed and fed into the system by means of a data loader
Flight management system – FMS
71
The electronic flight instruments, are commonly referred to as
Glass cockpit
72
``` What includes all of these -Primary flight display, -navigation display – engine indicating and crew alerting system (EICAS) – multi function display (MFD) – primary flight display (PFD) ```
Flight management system – FMS
73
What replaces the attitude indicator, altimeter, radar altimeter, airspeed indicator, and glideslope indicator?
Primary flight display – PFD
74
The primary flight display – PFD – can be configured in what two configurations
Approach configuration, Cruise configuration
75
``` What configuration is this – PFD: – Localizer information – glideslope information – radar altitude, not usable above 1200 feet – altimeter – DME – decision altitude (DA) ```
Approach configuration | -only information unique to The approach phase of flight will be displayed
76
``` What configuration is this – PFD: – Pressure altitude – indicated airspeed Mach number – heading – Course ```
Cruise configuration | - only information you need to the en route phase of flight will be displayed
77
What instrument can be configured in either the full compass configuration or the segmented arc configuration?
The navigation display – ND
78
Traffic alert and collision avoidance system
TCAS
79
A self-contained, airborne collision avoidance system that is intended to provide a back up for the separation services provided by Atc
TCAS
80
Generates traffic advisories and resolution/collision avoidance advisories in the vertical plane... TCAS I or TCAS II
TCAS II
81
Is TCAS and air traffic system?
No, but it is a system that directly affects Atc
82
On what aircraft is TCAS required?
Most commercial, and some general aviation aircraft
83
TCAS consist of what three functions?
Surveillance, - collision avoidance system (CAS) algorithms, - air to air coordination
84
What interrogators are on the same frequency as ground radar and receives replies from the same transponder used to reply to ground interrogations?
T CAS
85
The surveillance function on a TCAS provides information of an intruder's Aircrafts: (4 things)
– Range – closure rate – bearing -altitude and vertical speed
86
TCAS has how many levels of alerting
2
87
Traffic advisories – TAs) – are issued about _________prior to the closest point of approach – CPA) One of the two levels of alerting (TCAS)
45 seconds
88
Resolution advisories – (RA's) are issued about______ prior to CPA (TCAS II only) One of two levels of alerting
30 seconds
89
When an aircraft under your control informed you that it is responding to a TCAS RA, what do you do?
Do not issue control instructions that are contrary to the RA
90
TCAS I = | TCAS II=
Traffic, | RA and traffic (2)
91
Only aircraft with an ________ will be identified by the TCAS system
Operational transponder
92
What occurs when the oxygen available to the body tissues is insufficient to meet their needs?
Hypoxia
93
What induces a feeling of well-being/euphoria that can prevent the pilot from recognizing it's effects?
Hypoxia
94
Hypoxia – pilot performance can seriously deteriorate within ______minutes at _____feet
15 min | 15,000
95
What can hypoxia result in?
Unconsciousness and death
96
``` What are the symptoms of – Slow reactions – impaired thinking – unusual fatigue – pilot sounds intoxicated and they reflect carefree, humorous attitude ```
Symptoms of hypoxia
97
If the pilot is showing symptoms of hypoxia, and has no oxygen system, suggest a dicsent below _____feet
10,000
98
What occurs when there is an abnormal increase in the volume of air breathe in and out by the lungs
Hyperventilation
99
What are the symptoms of? – Dizziness – nausea – drowsiness
Hyperventilation
100
This is the loss of proper bearings: state of mental confusion as to position, location, or movement relative to the position of the earth.
Spatial disorientation/vertigo
101
What occurs when an aircraft returns to straight and level flight, but the pilot feels compelled to lean into an imaginary turn which is still sensed by the inner ear.?
Leans
102
This occurs when a pilot in a turn makes a sudden head movement.
Coriolis illusion
103
Components of a Pitot static system instruments:
Altimeter, vertical speed indicator, airspeed indicator
104
self contained instruments:
Magnetic compass
105
Gyroscopic instruments:
Turn coordinator – heading indicator – attitude indicator
106
Radio/satellite instruments:
-ADF (NDB receiver) -VOR – ILS – DME – GPS
107
Combination instruments:
``` Radio magnetic indicator : – heading indicator – dual VOR/ADF display, horizontal situation indicator: – heading indicator – VOR or LOC indicator – glideslope indicator ```

Block 3 (7 decks)

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