19-5 A&P Flashcards
1
Q
what are the organs of the female reproductive system
A
ovaries
fallopian tubes (uterine tubes or oviducts)
uterus
vagina
external organs: vulva and pudendum
mammary glands
2
Q
what are the paired organs that produce secondary oocytes, also known as egg receptacles called in the female reproductive system
A
ovaries
3
Q
what term refers to the external genitals of the female
A
vulva or pudendum
4
Q
what female reproductive organ arise from the same embryonic tissue as testes in men
A
ovaries
5
Q
what type of tissue covers the surface of the ovaries
A
germinal epithelium
6
Q
what is the ovarian cortex
A
a region of dense connective tissue that contains ovarian follicles
7
Q
where are ovarian follicles located
A
in the ovarian cortex
8
Q
what is the mature follicle called
A
graafian
9
Q
what is the large fluid filled follicle that is preparing to rupture and expel a secondary oocyte known as
A
graafian (mature follicle)
10
Q
what does the ovulated follicle develop into
A
corpus luteum (yellow body)
11
Q
what hormones does the corpus luteum (yellow body) produce
A
progesterone
estrogen
relaxin
inhibin
12
Q
what does the corpus luteum turn into once it degenerates
A
corpus albicans (white body)
13
Q
what layer of the ovaries consist of loose connective tissue, and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
A
ovarian medulla
14
Q
what female reproductive organ is responsible for transporting the secondary oocyte from the ovaries to the uterus
A
fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)
15
Q
what is the open funnel shaped end of each fallopian tube called
A
infundibulum
16
Q
what are the fingerlike projections located at the end of the infundibulum called
A
fimbriae
17
Q
where does the usual site of fertilization take place
A
in the fallopian tubes (uterine tubes)
18
Q
when does fertilization occur
A
any time up to 24 hours after ovulation
19
Q
how long does it take for the fertilized ovum (zygote) to descend into the uterus
A
7 days
20
Q
what female reproductive organ is known as the womb
A
uterus
21
Q
where is the site of implantation of a fertilized ovum
A
uterus
22
Q
what is the source of menstrual flow
A
the uterus, when implantation does not occur
23
Q
what are the three parts of the uterus
A
fundus
body
cervix
24
Q
what is the interior of the body of the uterus called
A
uterine cavity
25
what is the middle muscular layer of the uterus called
myometrium
26
what type of muscle does the myometrium consist of
smooth muscle
27
what is the innermost part of the uterine wall called
endometrium
28
which layer of the uterus is responsible for nourishing a growing fetus
endometrium
29
what layer of the uterus is shed each month during menstruation if fertilization does not occur
endometrium
30
what is the tubular canal that extends from the exterior of the body to the uterine cervix
vagina
31
what is the area that surrounds the cervix
fornix
32
where in the vagina are the large stores of glycogen located
in the mucosa
33
what must be decomposed in order for the production of organic acids in the vagina to take place
glycogen
34
what is the thin fold of mucous membrane partially covering the vaginal orifice or vaginal opening called
hymen
35
what is the diamond shaped area between the thighs and buttocks called
perineum
36
what is the area called that contains the external genitals and anus of both males and females
perineum
37
what is the mons pubis
an elevation of adipose tissue covered by coarse hair
38
what provides cushion to the pubic symphysis
mons pubis
39
what are the two longitudinal folds of skin from the mons pubis that extends down and back
labia majora
40
what female reproductive organ is developed from the same embryonic tissue as the scrotum in males
labia majora
41
what does the labia major contain
adipose tissue
sebaceous glands (oil)
sudoriferous glands (sweat)
Hair
42
which of the external female genitals are covered by hair
mons pubis
labia majora
43
which external genitals of the female does not contain pubic hair
labia minora
44
what is the difference between labia majora and labia minora
labia majora:
- pubic hair
- adipose tissue
- sebaceous (oil) glands
- sudoriferous (sweat) glands
labia minora:
- does not contain pubic hair
- does not contain adipose tissue
- have few sudoriferous (sweat) glands
- numerous sebaceous (oil) glands
45
where is the clitoris located
at the anterior junction of the labia minora
46
what is a small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves
clitoris
47
what covers the body of the clitoris
prepuce or foreskin
48
what is the exposed portion of the clitoris called
glans
49
what is the region between the labia minora called
vestibule
50
what is located in the vestibule
- hymen
- vaginal orifice
- external urethra orifice
- paraurethral glands (skene)
51
what female reproductive organ develops from the same embryonic tissue as the prostate in males and is responsible for secreting mucus
paraurethral glands (skene glands)
52
what is the function of the greater vestibular glands (bartholin glands)
- produce mucus during sexual arousal and intercourse
- provides lubrication
53
bartholin glands in the female reproductive organs are equivalent to which male reproductive organ
bulbourethral glands
54
what type of glands are mammary glands
modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands that produce milk
55
what is the pigmented projection of the breast
nipple
56
what is the circular pigmented area of skin that surrounds the nipple called
areola
57
what type of gland produce milk
modified sudoriferous (sweat) glands
58
what type of glands are found in the areola
modified sebaceous (oil) glands
59
why does the areola appear rough
because it contains modified sebaceous (oil) glands
60
how many lobes does each mammary gland consist of
15 to 20
61
how are the 15 to 20 lobes in the mammary glands arranged
radially
62
what are the lobes in the mammary glands separated by
adipose tissue and suspensory ligaments (cooper's ligaments)
63
what ligaments provide support to the breast
cooper's ligaments
64
what are the milk secreting glands called and where are they found
- alveoli
- found in the smaller lobules of each lobe
65
what two hormones are responsible for breast development
- estrogen
- progesterone
66
what is the function of mammary glands
- synthesis of milk
- secretion of milk
- ejection of milk
67
what is another name for the function of mammary glands
lactation
68
what major hormone is responsible for the production (synthesis) of milk
prolactin
(estrogen and progesterone contribute as well)
69
what hormone stimulates the ejection of milk
oxytocin
70
where is oxytocin released from
POSTERIOR pituitary gland
71
where is prolactin released from
anterior pituitary
72
what is the formation and development of gametes in females
oogenesis
73
what hormone controls the ovarian and uterine cycles
GnRH
74
the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary is stimulated by the release of which hormone
GnRH
75
which hormone is responsible for initiating follicle growth and the secretion of estrogen from the growing follicles
FSH
76
what hormone stimulates further development of follicle growth
LH
77
which hormone triggers ovulation and promotes the formation of the corpus luteum
LH
78
which hormones does the corpus luteum produce and secrete
- estrogen
- progesterone
- inhibin
- relaxin
79
what are the functions of estrogen
- promotes the development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, feminine secondary sex characteristics, and mammary glands
- stimulate protein synthesis
- lowers blood cholesterol levels
80
what are the secondary sex characteristics in females
- distribution of adipose tissue in the breast, abdomen, mons pubis, and hips
- broad pelvis
- pattern of hair growth on the head and body
81
what hormone along with estrogen is responsible for preparing the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized ovum
progesterone
82
what hormone is responsible for preparing the mammary glands for milk secretion
progesterone
83
what hormone produced by the corpus luteum is responsible for inhibiting contractions of the myometrium
relaxin
84
during pregnancy what hormone does the placenta produce
relaxin, to continue to relax the uterine smooth muscles
85
what hormone increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and helps dilate the uterine cervix
relaxin
86
what hormone is released to ease the delivery of the baby
relaxin
87
when is inhibin secreted
secreted after ovulation by the growing follicles and corpus luteum
88
what is the duration of the female reproductive cycle
28 days
89
the female reproductive cycle varies from ____ to ____ days
24 to 36 days
90
what are the 4 phases of the female reproductive cycle
- phase 1: menstrual phase
- phase 2: pre ovulatory phase
- phase 3: ovulation
- phase 4: post ovulatory phase
91
how long does the menstrual phase last
first 5 days
92
what marks the first day of a new cycle
the first day of menstruation
93
what occurs in the ovaries during menstrual phase
ovarian follicles grow and enlarge
94
how many mL of blood does menstrual flow consist of
50 - 150mL
95
the declining levels of what two hormones cause the uterine arteries to constrict
- progesterone
- estrogen
96
which layer of the uterus sloughs off during menstrual phase due to the lack of oxygen
endometrium
97
what phase of the female reproductive cycle accounts for the most variation in cycle length
pre ovulatory phase
98
What days does the pre ovulatory phase occur
Day 6 to day 13
99
what events are taking place in the ovaries during pre ovulatory phase
- follicles continue to grow and begin to secrete estrogen and inhibin
- by day 6, a single follicle becomes the dominant follicle
- dominant follicle secretes estrogen and inhibin (which decreases the secretion of FSH)
- dominant follicle becomes graafian follicle
- LH surge
100
what is the term for the menstrual phase and pre ovulatory phase together
follicular phase
101
what events are taking place in the uterus during pre ovulatory phase
- estrogen stimulates the repair of the endometrium
- endometrium thickens
102
in which phase of the female reproductive cycle does the endometrium repair, endometrial thickens, and short, strait endometrial glands develop, and arterioles coil and lengthens
pre ovulatory phase
103
what is the rupture of the graafian follicle and the release of the secondary oocyte called
ovulation
104
what day does ovulation occur
day 14
105
what is the most constant phase of the female reproductive cycle
post ovulatory phase
106
how long does the post ovulatory phase last
14 days (from day 15 to day 28)
2 weeks
107
how long does the corpus luteum last if it is not fertilized
2 weeks
108
what hormone is produced by the embryo
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
109
hCG is produced after how many days of fertilization
8 days after fertilization
110
what hormone is detected by the home pregnancy test
hCG
111
what test can be used to predict ovulation a day in advanced
over the counter home test that detects LH surge
