19 Decolonisation In Africa & Asia

Question 1

5 reasons for decolonisation

Answer 1

1) Eco impact of war
2) Change international situation
3) powerful nationalists
4) change in priorities in Europe
5) specific problems, problems in Palestine eg

Question 2

Key term: Insurgent

Answer 2

Displaying armed hostility to an established authority

Question 3

Key term: EEC

Answer 3

European economic community for free trade

Question 4

Gold Coast (W) 1946, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1956, 1957

Answer 4

46- Burns constitution, 18 elected African reps compared to British 12
50- Nkrumah gaoled 
51- CPP 2/3 votes
52- Nkrumah PM
56- Vote in Togoland for Union
57- full adult suffrage and indepenance

Question 5

Who was Andrew Cohen and what did he believe about the Gold Coast?

Answer 5

• Head of African department in colonial office

- they were most politically advanced

Question 6

Nigeria (W) 1946, 51,54,60

Answer 6

• 46, Richards constitution
• 51, Macphersen Constitution, National council of ministers, regions own govs
• 54, 3 British ministers + reps from different regions
• 60, Full Independance

Question 7

Sierra Leone and Gambia (W)

Answer 7

• 1950s where saw independance as best option

- Independance quicker than planned

Question 8

2 Key problems in East Africa

Answer 8

• Rapid eco growth, increase pol awareness, increased nationalism
• Kenya, Nairobi pop during WW2 increased by 1/2, anger at overcrowding ext

Question 9

How Britain viewed East Africa

Answer 9

• could develop for a large dollar earning

Question 10

Tanganyika Groundnut scheme 1946

Answer 10

• shortage of cooking fats
• idea to earn money and provide jobs
• scheme abandoned in 51, could not cultivate land and cost £49 mil
• provoked nationalism

Question 11

Dates for Tanganyika+Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya Independance

Answer 11

• T+T 61
• U 62
• K 63

Question 12

South Africa 1931, 1948, 1960

Answer 12

• 31, Statute of Westminster granted dominion status which lead to racial divisions
• 48, Afrikaner Nationalist party won and implemented apartheid (segregation) which African National Congress opposed
• 60, Sharpeville massacre where 69 killed after demonstrations to Police about segregation laws (pass laws)

Question 13

Why SA became a republic

Answer 13

• lost relations with British

- long disputes over neighbouring land ownership

Question 14

Areas used to combat loss of SA

Answer 14

• N Rhodesia, mineral rich
• S Rhodesia, agriculturally rich
• Nyasaland, Eco undeveloped

Question 15

Events in Rhodesia

Answer 15

• Ian Smith illegally declared S Rhodesia as independent
• British sanctions (refusal of trade) unsuccessful
• Guerrilla Warfare between white and nationalists
• 1969 became republic

Question 16

Key profile: Harold Macmillan (1894-1986)

Answer 16

• conservative
• PM 1957-1963
• ‘post war prosperity’
• Edwardian style pm in contrast to new labour eg. Harold Wilson