19: Dermatological Pharmacology

Question 1

Four variables to amount of drug absorbed cutaenously

Answer 1

1. Region
2. Concentration
3. Dosing schedule
4. Vehicles / occlusion

Question 2

Cream vs ointment components

Answer 2

Cream: 1/2 water + 1/2 oil, emulsifier
Ointment: 20% water + 80% oil

Question 3

What are creams good for (vs ointments)

Answer 3

Spread easy, are well absorbed, wash off easy, good for oozing/wet skin

Question 4

What are ointments good for (vs creams)

Answer 4

Stay on surface, best for dry skin, provide more complete absorption

Question 5

Which are more likely to cause allergic reaction, cream or ointment?

Answer 5

Creams (preservatives)

Question 6

Five moments for hand hygiene as a physician

Answer 6

1. Before touching a pt
2. Before aseptic procedures
3. After body fluid exposure
4. After touching pt
5. After touching pt surroundings

Question 7

How long and with what to wash hands

Answer 7

15-30 seconds, with plain soap

Question 8

What is alcohol-based hand disinfectant not effective against?

Answer 8

C. Diff (must use soap and water)

Question 9

UVB vs UVA radiation: what they cause

Answer 9

UVB: erythema/sunburn, skin aging, photocarcinogenesis
UVA: skin aging, cancer

Question 10

Sun protection factor (SPF)

Answer 10

Ratio of minimal erythema dose with sunscreen : minimal erythema dose without sunscreen

Question 11

Chlorine IDing

Answer 11

Broad spectrum antimicrobial agent widely used in homes/hospitals due to safety, general efficacy, and low irritability

Question 12

Six microbes that chlorhexidine fights against

Answer 12

1. Bacterial spores
2. Mycobacteria
3. Other non-sporulating bacteria
4. Yeast
5. Viruses
6. Protozoa

Question 13

Two reasons washing a wound with antiseptic wash (hydrogen peroxide) isn’t necessary more than once

Answer 13

1. Minimal lasting action against bacteria beyond initials cleansing
2. Potential impede wound healing bc toxic to normal tissue

Question 14

When should antibiotic therapy be used for wounds?

Answer 14

Only when they appear clinically infected - no evidence to support Abx prophylactically

Question 15

Five non-pharmacologic interventions for pruritis

Answer 15

1. Skin moisturization
2. Cool environment
3. Avoid skin irritants
4. Stress reduction
5. Physical interventions to break the itching/scratching cycle

Question 16

Where to use low-potency topical steroids vs high potency

Answer 16

Low potency: face, genitals, skin folds

High potency and titration down: everywhere else

Question 17

Ideal pH for a synthetic detergent cleanser for skin care

Answer 17

5.5-7, close to normal skin pH (regular soap is 9-10 pH)

Question 18

Why does proactiv work

Answer 18

1. Bc its simple and easy to use
2. Celebs tell you it works so you stick with it
3. Benzoyl peroxide

Question 19

Psychological aspect of psoriasis

Answer 19

Can easily cause depression

Question 20

Alopecia areata

Answer 20

Chronic, relapsing immune-mediated inflammatory disorder affecting hair follicles -> non-scarring hair loss ranging from small patches to complete loss all over the body