19 Development Of Anti-Semitic Policies, 1938-40

Question 1

Impact of Anschluss with Austria 1938 on Germany

Answer 1

• Led to increasing more radical foreign policy and racial policy
• Influx of Jews and ‘lost Germans’

Question 2

Hitler’s key aim to his foreign policy

Answer 2

• End TOV restriction army and territory

- Greater Germany, unifying Austria, Poland, Czechoslovakia

Question 3

Impact of Schacht and Goering for dev of anti-Semitic policies

Answer 3

• Schacht argued against due to economic reasons, but swept aside
• Goering, in charge of 4 Year Plan, radical + did not care about foreign opinion

Question 4

Economic impact of anti-semitism on Jewish population

Answer 4

• 1938, Decree for registration of Jewish property
• 8k out of 30k shops shut down
• 30k travelling salesmen lost their job

Question 5

Impact of Anschluss on Jewish population

Answer 5

• Lost property rights overnight

- 500 committed suicide in 1 month

Question 6

Aryanisation: key term

Answer 6

• Policy for complete expulsion of non Aryan life, economically, culturally ext

Question 7

Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (events)

Answer 7

• Jewish homes, businesses vandalised
• Synagogues burnt
• By SA and SS members who were not uniformed

Question 8

Pogrom: Key term

Answer 8

• organised massacre of an ethnic group

Question 9

Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (concern)

Answer 9

• Hitler said to Goering to relax situation as he was concerned about the extensive use of violence

Question 10

Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (cause)

Answer 10

• murder of Ernest Vom Rath who was German official in France
• killed by a young Polish Jew who was angry of treatment to father

Question 11

Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (role of Goebbels)

Answer 11

• organised violence

- 15th anniversary of Munich Putsch, wanted to make it a special event

Question 12

Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (outcome)

Answer 12

• 91 Jews died

- 20 to 30k in preventative detention

Question 13

Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (reaction)

Answer 13

• Leipzig, American consul said people were horrified
• Hamburg, crowds chanting “Schlimm, Schlimm” (it’s terrible)
• Berlin, British official said people disapproved

Question 14

Reichkristallnacht 9-10Nov 1938 (Polices as a result of it)

Answer 14

• Decree for restoration of street scene, making Jews pay

- Decree to exclude Jews from all parts of economic life

Question 15

Reasons for Emigration

Answer 15

• Hitler spoke about ‘Jew Free’

- as war increased, needed answer for ‘Jewish question’

Question 16

Stats about voluntary emigration

Answer 16

• 37k left in 1933
• 150k left from 33-38
• after Reichkristallnacht 9k children to Britain

Question 17

Problems with Voluntary Emigration

Answer 17

• many Jews integrated into society
• many countries could not take influx eg. Palestine had cap on number due to Britain
• contradicting policies from Nazis, emigration but seized welfare

Question 18

Controlled emigration

Answer 18

• Heydrich set up central office for Jewish emigration

- seized property to fund poorer Jewish emigration

Question 19

Impact of war with Poland

Answer 19

• National emergency which increased dictatorial powers
• propaganda to extent hate
• new territories
• war for Germanisation and ‘Jew free’

Question 20

General government: key term

Answer 20

• Areas not in Reich controlled by Gov Hans Frank which became a “dumping ground” for Jews

Question 21

How many Jews came under Nazi control after Poland invasion

Answer 21

• 3.1 mil Jews, 1.9 in direct Nazi control

Question 22

Number of Peopled attempted to deported eastwards (from west Poland) from Nov-Feb 1940

Answer 22

• 1 mil people

- 550k Jews

Question 23

Madagascar Plan

Answer 23

• After French invasion, idea presented with Vichy France (allies with Nazis in South) controlling resettlement
• 4 mil Jews
• harsh conditions so they could ‘naturally die’

Question 24

Outcome of Madagascar Plan

Answer 24

• Pushed aside due to conquest of USSR

- British Naval ships would be able to disrupt transport

Question 25

What the Madagascar plan demonstrated as a whole

Answer 25

• Idea of segregation prominent

- however ‘final solution’ unclear

Question 26

Reinhard Heydrich

Answer 26

• most important senior commander SS after Himmler
• Reich security head office
• Coordinated 1941 ‘final solution’

Question 27

Adolf Eichmann

Answer 27

• planned emigration to Palestine and final solution

- Key role in 1942 Wannsee Conference (implementation of final solution)