1900-present day

Question 1

what were examples of anti-migrant attitudes?

Answer 1

Far-right anti-immigrant parties like the National Front gained support, landlords/bosses refusing to offer housing/jobs to black people

Question 2

why did Kashif from Pakistan migrate in 1948

Answer 2

India gained independence from Britian in 1947 and the country was split into India and Pakistan. Partition led to extreme violence.

Question 3

why did Ravi from Kenya migrate in 1967

Answer 3

Kenya gained independence in 1962, Prime minister Jomo Kenyatta told Kenyan Asians to choose to be Kenyan or British. 95000 Kenyan Asians chose to remain British with British passport. In 1967 non kenyan Asians were ruled foreigners and 1000 Kenyan Asians began to arrive to Britain every week

Question 4

Why did Tomasz from Poland migrate in 2004

Answer 4

in 1973 Britain joined the EU allowing people to move freely
2004- 9 countries from eastern europe joined EU
2005- 300,000 polish people working in Britain

Question 5

why did Gupatta from Uganda migrate in 1972

Answer 5

1962- Gained independence and was the most prosperous country in Africa
August 1972- President issued decree expelling entire asian population. 2 days later president issued second decree stating all professionals had to stay; if they left they would be commiting treason. Britain offered Indian or British passport. Most chose British believing it would offer more stability

Question 6

Impact of decoilonisation on migration

Answer 6

Once british empire countries gained independence after WW2 and as they mantained contact this encouraged migration

Question 7

Impact of wars on migration

Answer 7

British empire migrants fought with Britain therefore felt a stronger connection
1926- British commonwealth encourage migration
Demanded increases in production of supplies/rebuild which relied on people of its colonies

Question 8

impact of media influence on migration

Answer 8

encouraged feelings of hostility/suspicion against migrants yet also campaigned against racism
national newspapers/TV became apart of everyday life

Question 9

impact of improved transport on migration

Answer 9

1980’s- businesses closed because of cheaper global competition
more common due to passenger planes
movement of larger migrants further away became easier

Question 10

impact of welfare state and NHS on migration

Answer 10

1948- Parliament made NHS which was in n eed of workers (migrants)

Question 11

impact of improved technology and communication on migrantion

Answer 11

1950’s- passenger transport
1980’s- computers/phones improved communication

Question 12

impact of european union on migration

Answer 12

1975- Britain joined so more people could migrate

Question 13

impact of increased domestic rights on migration

Answer 13

1918- some women given vote
1928- all women given vote
1970- equal pay act
1998- national minimum wage act
2010- race relations act all made britain more attractive
1965 race relations act made equality between everyone

Question 14

new immigration laws which discouraged migration

Answer 14

1905 Aliens act- only migrants with useful jobs
1962- commonwealth immigrants act- migrants with valuable skill/ applying for job with shortage of workers were allowed
1968-commonwealth migrants act- reduced number of skilled workers allowed to migrate from commonwealth
1981- nationality act- automatic right to stay in britain was no longer possible

Question 15

new immigration laws which encouraged migration

Answer 15

1948- British nationality act gave opportunity for anyone living in former colonies to have british passport to rebuild after WW2

Question 16

who came in 1914-1918 and why

Answer 16

over 3 million european soliders to fight, 1 million from india
merchant sailors from the caribbean, africa, chine, india served on ships which brought food to britain
1914- 250,000 belgians fled persecution from German’s; 160,000 polish fled as germany and Russia occupied poland; 14,000 polish people joined RAF

Question 17

who came in 1939-1945 and why

Answer 17

1930’s- british government accepted 60,000 jewish refugees
kindertransport- jews/christians persuaded british government to drop visa/passport requirements for jewish children who would return to germany after warand pay any costs/get help from charities; december 1938- september 1939 8274 travelled to britain without any parents. september 1939 war war declared, borders closed kindertransport stopped

Question 18

who came 1945+ (post-war) and why

Answer 18

rebuilding britain- 14,000 hungarians arrived after soviet union put down a rising in 1956, refugees from communist regimes in eastern europe/soviet union, small number of german prisoners of war, large number of displaced people from refugee camps
june 1948-Caribbeans (windrush generation) 800 came in to do overqualifying jobs due to prejudice
1960- 58000 caribbean settled in britain

Question 19

what was the experience of belgians in WW1

Answer 19

welcomed, charities found homes for them, plenty of work available
60,000 worked in britain during war
set up own businesses
expected to only stay during war

Question 20

what was the experience of germans in WW1

Answer 20

thousands living in britain when war broke out
august 1914- british nationality and aliens act meant that male enemys who were old enough had to produce evidence of good character and knowledge of english or risk being deported (29000 were deported)

Question 21

what was the experience of indians and chinese in WW1

Answer 21

british wanted jobs back after war but migrants were working there instead (angry), most serious resentments at docks
merchant seamen joined Royal Navy- lascars filled jobs at cargo ships willing to work for lower wages- more opportunity to work- blamed for making jobs harder to get back
national union of seamen encouraged riots in Tiger bay/cardiff

Question 22

what was the experience of polish in WW2

Answer 22

did not want top return to soviet union
1947- polish resettlement act gave polish servicemen the right to remain in britain; 120,000 chose to take this with their families
wanted to work in industry

Question 23

what was the experience of chinese in WW2

Answer 23

continued to be employed in merchant navy, ensured britain recieved food/fuel
1945-90 - wanted to free up housing for british soldiers/sailors returning home so forced 2000 chinese sailors to liverpool, given to chance to say bye
wives+children remained in liverpool and faced discrimination and little financial support

Question 24

what was the experience of jewish in WW2

Answer 24

children and evacuees sent to live with strangers in unknown place
1945- evacuees returned to families and emigrated to america/canada
most chased/killed by nazis

Question 25

what was the experience of germans and italians in WW2

Answer 25

tributals set up to decide is any german migrant was a threat, many german jewish refugees from nazi germany seen as little threat and given good support 1500 refugees internees to canada sunk by german sub and over 1/2 drowned in july 1940

Question 26

what was the british union of facists

Answer 26

set up by oswold mosely who believed in the hatred of immigrants and anti-semitism. gained popularity in areas of poverty/high unemployment. spoke about 'aliens menance of immigrants' 1936- 100,000 east end londonders protested against planned BUF protest along cable street. police had to clear streets to allow BUF protests go ahead (democracy) which caused so much outrage 100 arrests had to be made

Question 27

what were the brixton riots in the 1980s

Answer 27

25% of residents were ethnic minority (second generation). 1981- rioters began fighting the police for 3 days. 300 injured. £7.5 million damage.

Question 28

what was the reason for the brixton riots

Answer 28

poor housing area, 50% black men unemployed, high crime rates so april 1981 police tackled crime. sus law gave right to stop + search. in 6 days, off 100 searched the black men felt discriminated against. government commisioned Lord Scarman to investigate

Question 29

what happened in burnley 2001

Answer 29

large amount of asians, fight outside club between white and asian drug gang and asian taxi driver killed in heat of it. asian men attacked white men at pub and rioted

Question 30

what was the reason for what happened in burnley 2001

Answer 30

was a prosperous but loads of cotton mills closed down so unemployment/poverty. asians segregated and felt different from white people due to lack of understanding cultures. BNP fueled this

Question 31

what were economic impacts of migrants

Answer 31

1965- 5000 jamaican nurses in NHS; over 300,000 migrants worked in engineering/manufacturing after WW2; 1960- asian families helped revive poorer areas by making homes more attractive; after WW2 100,000 migrants accepted lower wages to work in bradfords textile mills (survival of industry in north); caribbean migrants worked in london transport; 1955- 12% doctors trained overseas

Question 32

what were the cultural impacts of migrants

Answer 32

diverse music industry, takeaways/restaurants, food, festivals; sportspeople with migrant background; british media embraced multicultural society

Question 33

what were the religious impacts of migrants

Answer 33

buildings of mosques, temples; caribbeans form of christianity.

Question 34

what were the political impacts of migrants

Answer 34

harold moody- jamaican doctor came to london 1904, struggled to find work & housing so created League of Coloured People which fought for black rights; dianne abbot was first black woman to be elected as MP in 1987