1900s To Present Day

Question 1

Time Period

Answer 1

20th and 21st centuries

Question 2

Context

Answer 2

• science and technology advances
• Increased awareness to human rights
• Impact of WW1 and WW2
• Gov is democratic and has to listen to popular attitudes and beliefs not interests of the wealthy and powerful
• Limited influence of church
• Social attitudes more liberal
• Women campaigned for votes and contributed to both world wars

Question 3

Same Crimes

Answer 3

• Theft, burglary, fraud, arson, damage to property, murder, tax avoidance

Question 4

Similar Crimes

Answer 4

• Terorrism
  >Guy Fawkes, fear and intimidation to promote a cause
• Cybercrime
  >Theft, fraud, extortion now happening over the internet, on a larger scale
• Extortion
  >Letters/telephone/in person threats and blackmail for money done over the internet now, more widespread

Question 5

New Crimes

Answer 5

-1967 Sexual Offences Act
>legal to be gay if over 21

-21st c Criminal Justice Act
>court can issue severe punishments for hate crimes

• 1971 Domestic Violence Act
  >victims can ask for an injunction, 1991 rape in marriage is recognised, 2014 all controlling behaviour is recognised

-1968 Race Relations Act
>illegal to refuse jobs/service to a person due to their ethnicity/ racial background, 2006 extended to all forms of racial/ religious hatred

-1967 Abortion Act
>legal if conditions are met

Question 6

Law Enforcement

Answer 6

• Police can be armed now
• Few police on the streets, mostly in cars
• Specialised police units eg. National Crime Agency detect and prevent organised crime like drug trafficking and Economic Crime Unit investigates large scale fraud
• Neighbourhood watch > since 1982, increases vigilance and reduces fear
• Use of science and tech > radios, DNA evidence, CCTV, fingerprints, computers, cars, motorbikes, helicopter

Question 7

Punishments

Answer 7

• Death penalty abolished in 1998
• Increased use of prisons

> 1896 mentally ill treated separately
1948 hard labour ends
1922 focus on prisoner welfare
1933 focus on life after prison

• Community sentences for antisocial behaviour
• Discourage prisoners from reoffending rather than punishing them
• Prisons educate and teach new skills for life after prison
• Borstals keep young prisoners separate, structured, disciplined, physical exercise, in 1982 replaced with youth custody centres