190303jA

Question 1

What is sprung vs unsprung weight?

Answer 1

sprung weight: anything supported by suspension
unsprung weight: anything not supposed by suspension

Question 2

an off road assembly must withstand and support the weight of the equipment and load that has been passed through the suspension system to drive axle assemblies
T or F

Answer 2

True

Question 3

off road equipment must be able to handle the loads and stresses applied by _____________ and the extreme applications the machines are designed for

Answer 3

working conditions

Question 4

the rear axle assembly must be able to withstand the forces applied while the box is _______

Answer 4

raised

Question 5

the drive axle changes the direction of power flow by how many degrees?

Answer 5

90 degrees

Question 6

what provides the final gear reduction in the powertrain?

Answer 6

the drive axle

Question 7

what does GAWR stand for?

Answer 7

gross axle weight rating

Question 8

what is the GAWR?

Answer 8

manufacturer says how much an axle can safely carry

Question 9

gross axle weight refers to the weight the axle must be able to carry. what does it not refer to?

Answer 9

the weight it must propel

Question 10

what determines the construction of the housings, bearings, axles, and wheel ends?

Answer 10

the gross axle weight rating

Question 11

what torque ratio does the drive axle provide?

Answer 11

reduction

Question 12

how does the drive axle change the path of power to 90 degrees?

Answer 12

with bevel gears

Question 13

what is the path of power in a single reduction drive axle diff?

Answer 13

input pinion
crown (bevel) gear
diff case halves
cross shaft (spider)
diff pinion gear (spider gears)
axle side gears
axle

Question 14

what is the math equation to find bevel rpm?

Answer 14

left rpm + right rpm / 2= bevel rpm
you won’t lose speed in a differential

Question 15

if the machine travelled in a straight line, there would be no need for a speed difference between the?

Answer 15

wheel ends

Question 16

ways traction control can be activated?

Answer 16

by operator manually
automatic differential
limited slip differential

Question 17

what do the automatic/limited slip differentials allow the diff to do?

Answer 17

auto lock when traction is bad on one side of the machine, but allows diff to work normal while cornering

Question 18

Function of the carrier housing (differential case)?

Answer 18

hold the internal gear components (pinion, bevel, diff case, diff assembly)

Question 19

carrier must be able to handle?

Answer 19

all torque created through the engine and powertrain

Question 20

why does the carrier have 2 removable caps at the rear?

Answer 20

to secure diff case bearings and adjusters

Question 21

where is the differential carrier located?

Answer 21

in rear axle housing behind tranny

Question 22

what does the differential thrust pin do?

Answer 22

prevent diff movement during high thrust loads

Question 23

what type of equipment runs an integral input pinion?

Answer 23

smaller equipment, limits torque applied to carrier

Question 24

what type of equipment runs a carrier mounted pinion?

Answer 24

large equipment, need breakout torque forces. torque multiplies through differentials

Question 25

Characteristics of a full floating axle shaft?

Answer 25

only transmits torque, does not carry machine weight

Question 26

what is the main function of a full floating axle shaft?

Answer 26

drive the final drive and hub assembly

Question 27

on a full floating axle, how is the weight and load transmitted?

Answer 27

through the drive axle housing, bearing arrangement, hub assembly, wheels

Question 28

benefit of a full floating axle while disassembling?

Answer 28

can remove the axle while keeping the vehicle weight on the tires

Question 29

characteristics of a semi floating axle shaft?

Answer 29

transmits torque and carries weight of machine

Question 30

what is the common arrangement for planetary final drives?

Answer 30

inout on sun, output on carrier, ring held, carrier turns sun, carrier output, ring held

Question 31

what can a machine produce while using double reductions?

Answer 31

great amounts of breakout torque, axle component stress minimal

Question 32

what axle design is the only application that can handle extreme forces created at the wheel end?

Answer 32

full floating axle design

Question 33

what is the drive axle housing made form?

Answer 33

cast steel

Question 34

what does the axle housing provide?

Answer 34

frame for mounting carrier assembly and attached components

Question 35

what is the opening called in the middle of the drive axle housing?

Answer 35

the bowl

Question 36

what is the carrier housing made from

Answer 36

cast steel

Question 37

what is the main function of the carrier housing?

Answer 37

hold internal gear components

Question 38

the carrier must be sturdy enough to support components and withstand what forces?

Answer 38

forces trying to separate the gears

Question 39

what does th opinion bearing cage house?

Answer 39

bearings that support the pinion

Question 40

why are tapered roller bearings on the pinion put under preload?

Answer 40

to keep pinion located properly, ensure bearings rotate while under torque

Question 41

what determines bearing preload?

Answer 41

selective spacer, designated thickness

Question 42

how can you adjust pinion depth?

Answer 42

with shims between pinion bearing cage and carrier housing

Question 43

what prevents lube from escaping?

Answer 43

input pinion seal

Question 44

what provides the final gear reduction in the powertrain?

Answer 44

the pinion and bevel gear

Question 45

what does an overhung pinion look like?

Answer 45

has a flat surface at the end of the pinion gear

Question 46

where does the pinion sit in an abmoid pinion position?

Answer 46

above centreline

Question 47

what is the better pinion mount, overhung or straddle?

Answer 47

straddle is stronger than overhung

Question 48

what does a straddle mount pinion look like?

Answer 48

short stub shaft extends past the end of the pinion gear. has a bearing at the end

Question 49

what design of pinion mount is better for high torque loads?

Answer 49

straddle mount

Question 50

what does the stub shaft prevent the pinion from doing?

Answer 50

deflect away from bevel gear in high torque situations

Question 51

where does a hypoid pinion set in relation to the centreline?

Answer 51

below the centreline

Question 52

where does the spiral bevel pinion sit in relation to the centreline?

Answer 52

at the centreline

Question 53

where does the bevel gear bolt to?

Answer 53

the differential case, diff case rotate when bevel gear rotates

Question 54

what drive assembly does the drive pinion and bevel gear set act as?

Answer 54

an angle drive assembly

Question 55

according to the book, can you swap out the drive pinion or bevel gear individually?

Answer 55

no, must be used in matched sets

Question 56

where is the gear ratio stated on a pinion?

Answer 56

at the threaded end of the pinion, opposite the gear end

Question 57

where is the pinion position number found on a pinion?

Answer 57

on the stub shaft/ at the head of the gear on the pinion

Question 58

what does 39-6 mean on a gear?

Answer 58

the gear ratio, 39/6

Question 59

what is used to prevent the bevel gear from deflecting away from the pinion in high torque load?

Answer 59

a thrust screw

Question 60

where does the thrust screw sit and why does it sit there?

Answer 60

exactly opposite the pinion gear, on back side of bevel gear. sits bc that's where max thrust load and deflection is

Question 61

what's another name for the differential cross shaft?

Answer 61

spider

Question 62

what is the last component that makes up the diff case assembly?

Answer 62

the axle side gears

Question 63

in a differential what gears can rotate at a different speed than the case?

Answer 63

the axle side gears

Question 64

what are the 2 functions of a differential assembly?

Answer 64

split torque evenly to each shaft deliver torque while allowing for difference in wheel speed side to side

Question 65

what does the differential assembly act like?

Answer 65

a torque divider

Question 66

torque is a function of resistance to?

Answer 66

movement

Question 67

since the differential delivers the same amount of torque to each axle, the wheel that has good traction will only receive the amount of torque required to rotate the wheel with poor traction, because it goes off of resistance and it will take the path of least resistance

Answer 67

there is no answer that's just good info

Question 68

can speed or RPM of the axles be lost?

Answer 68

no, what comes in goes out. or is transferred to other side

Question 69

while travelling straight ahead over even terriain, what is the differential gears doing?

Answer 69

all turning together

Question 70

what happens to the wheels when you make a turn?

Answer 70

outer wheel goes faster than inner wheel, needs to travel a farther distance

Question 71

when travelling in a straight line with uneven tire size or uneven terrain, what will happen?

Answer 71

diff gears will act like machine is cornering as one side will have to make up for the other side

Question 72

when can extreme speed differences occur in a differential?

Answer 72

with really bad traction

Question 73

how many differentials would a single motor scraper and single axle haul truck have?

Answer 73

one differential

Question 74

what does a transfer case do?

Answer 74

drop flow of power down form tranny and then divide the power between the front and rear shafts

Question 75

what does a transfer gear do?

Answer 75

split power to each axle group

Question 76

how is a range shift collar actuated?

Answer 76

air pressure and solenoid valves

Question 77

what does an interaxle differential help with?

Answer 77

splitting torque equally between front and rear drive shafts

Question 78

how can you eliminate differential action to ensure both axles rotate at the same speed?

Answer 78

by locking the differential carrier to one axle side gear

Question 79

what style of traction control provides more torque to the wheel with the greatest traction?

Answer 79

limited slip and no-spin

Question 80

what traction controls don't lock the carrier and axle to the extent that the locking differential does?

Answer 80

limited slip and no spin

Question 81

what is a disadvantage of a locking differential?

Answer 81

shitty cornering

Question 82

what are 2 types of diff locks?

Answer 82

jaw (dog) clutch disc/plate clutch

Question 83

how does a jaw style clutch work?

Answer 83

shift collar moves up and down with air, locks together to eliminate diff action

Question 84

how can you limit damage when using a dog clutch?

Answer 84

operator low engine speed, travel straight ahead, don't engage it when moving

Question 85

on a plate and disc clutch diff lock, what is the normal position?

Answer 85

clutch released, oil applied spring released

Question 86

what does a limited slip differential provide?

Answer 86

equal power and torque rot both shafts in normal conditions

Question 87

if one wheel loses traction in a limited slip diff, where does the torque go?

Answer 87

to the wheel with more traction

Question 88

how does the no-spin differential operate?

Answer 88

normally engaged and drives both wheels at same speed all the time, but when cornering it will unlock and allow that wheel to go faster

Question 89

the bevel gear is bolted directly to the:

Answer 89

flanged case half

Question 90

the differential pinions are driven by the:

Answer 90

cross shafts

Question 91

the most common differential carrier assembly used today is the

Answer 91

single speed single reduction