1905 Revolution Flashcards
(38 cards)
How many Putilov workers went on strike on 15 January 1905? Why were they on strike?
12,000 workers. They were protesting the sacking of four workers for joining a trade union (The Assembly).
What made the Putilov strike different to other strikes?
Strikes were usually designed around an economic aim, like higher wages or better working conditions, but this strike had a clear political demand (legal trade unionism).
How many workers marched on the Winter Palace during Bloody Sunday 1905?
150,000 workers
What three things did the Bloody Sunday protestors demand?
An eight-hour working day
Freedom of speech
An elected assembly
Were the Bloody Sunday protestors pro-Tsar or anti-Tsar at the beginning? How do we know?
Pro-Tsar. They sung patriotic songs like “God Save the Tsar!”
Who led the Bloody Sunday protestors?
Father Gapon, an Orthodox priest
What happened when the Bloody Sunday protestors arrived at the Palace square?
They were shot at by armed infantry (rather than the usual cavalry). Over 200 were killed and hundreds more were injured.
What did Gapon cry out during the massacre of the Bloody Sunday protestors? What does this reveal about the impact of Bloody Sunday?
“There is no God any longer! There is no Tsar!” The image of the Tsar as the ‘Little Father’ of the Russian people had been destroyed.
How many workers went out on strike in the rest of January after Bloody Sunday?
400,000 workers
Who was assassinated by the SRs in the days after Bloody Sunday?
Grand Duke Sergei - Nicholas’s nephew
How did national minorities react after Bloody Sunday? Give three examples
Georgia: declared itself an independent state
Poland: demanded autonomy
Finland: elected a provisional government
Jews: pressed for equal rights
What was Nicholas’s Imperial Manifesto of 18 February 1905?
It invited rural communes to address petitions to the Tsar.
What did peasant petitions after the Imperial Manifesto of February 1905 demand of the Tsar? Give three examples
Any three from:
- Democratisation of education
- Civil liberties
- An end to the Russo-Japanese War
- Controls over the police and officials
- Reform of local zemstvo government
- The abolition of land captains
- A national parliament
What did Paul Miliukov create in May 1905?
The Union of Unions
What did the Union of Unions demand? (two things)
1) Democratically elected constituent assembly to replace the ‘gang of robbers’ in power
2) End to the Russo-Japanese War
What did the peasants set up in July 1905?
The All-Russian Union of Peasants
What did the All-Russian Union of Peasants demand? (Three things)
1) A constituent assembly
2) An end to the Russo-Japanese War
3) Redistribution of land from the nobility to the peasants
How did the All-Russian Union of Peasants go about achieving their demands?
Boycotted local officials, a continued petition campaign for a national assembly (non-violent methods)
Between January and October 1905, how many times were the armed forces used to put down peasant uprisings?
2,700 times
Why did the crew of the Prince Potemkin battleship mutiny in June 1905?
Protest against eating rotten food and drinking foul water. The sailors’ representative, Peter Vakulenchuk, approached the captain with their complaints, but he was shot.
Why was the Potemkin mutiny limited in its success?
No other ship in the squadron mutinied - it was on its own
Where did the Potemkin ship sail, joining an anti-government strike?
Odessa
What did Nicholas promise in August 1905, on Witte’s orders?
An assembly of elected representatives of the 51 provinces of the empire.
Why was Nicholas’s August Manifesto rejected?
The assembly would have no legislative powers - it would be consultative only
