Skeletal system

Question 1

where is the word skeletal derived from and why is it as misnomer when referring to the skeletal system

Answer 1

dried up

bones are composed of living tissue - bone cells fat cells and blood vessels aswell all non living minerals and water

Question 2

5 main functions

Answer 2

structural support = structural support for soft tissue including muscles and viscera

protection = protective for delicate parts of the body
growth centre for cells = red blood cells and platelets are made in bones

reservoir of minerals= a resrvoir that the body can call upon order to regulate the level of calcium and phosphorus

movement= muscles attached to bones by tendons , contract and moves bones to initiate movement

Question 3

axial skeleton

Answer 3

number of bones= 80
function of skeleton= protect the spinal cord, protect lungs and heart
orgin for muscle attachement
examples = spine , skull , ribs
examples = rectus transversus abdonminus
stabilize and support axial skel

Question 4

types of bones

Answer 4

long bones= found in arms and legs. femur or best example , movement locomotion

shortbones = wrists , carpal bone ,range movement

flatbone= flat and thin , often protect vital organs of the body from injury. roof of skull parietal bone

irregular bone = protection muscle attachment , vertebrae , spheroid bone

seasamoid bones =small flat wrapped within tendons that move , attachment to tendons and knees , putella

Question 5

structure of long bone

Answer 5

articulating cartilage= cartilage located on both ends of long bone. allows smooth movement within joints while protecting the ends of bones

peritoneum= outer connective tissue that covers the entire length of the bone.

medullary cavity = found inside the shaft of the bone filled with red and yellow bone marrow

compact bone= more dense part responsible for structural integrity

diaphysis = shaft of bone
epipihysis = ends of long bone region , compact bone
cancellous spongy = filled with marrow in small cavity spaces

Question 6

formatative period:

Answer 6

from fifth to twelfth weeks of intrauterine life during which all primary centers of ossification occur

• limb buds appear on embryo
• limb buds fill with mesenchyme
• mesenchyme becomes condensed and cartilagenous’
• cartilage is invaded by calcium phosphate
• cartilage becomes calcified
• osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with bone
• primary center of ossification established

Question 7

growth period

Answer 7

lasting to puberty during which all secondary growth centers appear

• diaphysis becomes capped
• growrth of epiphyseal plate

Question 8

consolidation period

Answer 8

puberty to attainment of adult stature

• epiphysis fuses with shaft
• bone modelling continues until maturity