1918-22 (formation of dictator) Flashcards
(45 cards)
Which battle brought the war with Austria Hungary to an end
Vittorio veneto
Give two reasons for tension in rural areas in the south following WW1
More southerners were drafted for the war than northerners
Those conscripted from the south were treated very poorly by commanders
When did the Paris peace conference take place
January 1919 - 1920
Who was Italy’s representative at the conference
Orlando
Give two promises made at the treaty of London in 1915
they were promised land ( istria, south istrol, Dalmatian islands)
Why did Italy have a relatively poor case for occupying Fiume
They argued that Fiume had many Italians, however Italian speakers were a minority in Fiume
What expression did D’Annunzio use to describe Italy’s position following WW1?
“Mutilated Victory”
Name two territories that Italy managed to acquire as a result of the treaty of Versailles
south istrol
Trieste
Trentino
What does “Cagoia” means and who was referred to as this
Francesco nitti was called this by Italian nationalists
It means “abject coward”
Who led the occupation of Fiume?
Gabriel D’Annunzio
When did the occupation of Fiume take place?
September 1919 - December 1920
Name two ways in which the occupation of Fiume Inspired the later fascist state:
- having his men wear black shirts
- the use of violence (torture, fear on the streets…)
- inspired Mussolini to believe that taking action had a good outcome
- giving speeches , having rallies + dramatist
- the use of clubs, castor oil treatment
Give two reasons why unemployment was so high after WW1
- many returning soldiers did not receive their previous jobs
- many industries thrived during the war time but now had no demand
What’s event in which country inspired the strikes and militant activity in post-war Italy?
The Russian Revolution
What were the two years of intensive industrial unrest referred to as?
Biennio Rosso
1919-1920
Italy’s “two red years”
Give two specific examples of strikes which took place during this time period
- railway strikes
- army strikes
Explain two changes made to elections before the 1919 election
Men over 21 could vote regardless of literacy
Increase in votes
What was the PPI and when was it set up?
The catholic party
January 1919
How did this pose a threat to Italy’s liberals
How did the fascists fare in the 1919 election
They received 0 seats
What type of government was formed as a result of this election and why?
A liberal coalition government was formed as no one party got a majority due to proportional representation
What event took place in northern Italy in 1920 that helped convince Italians that they were on the verge of a socialist revolution
Biennio Rosso
Which paper did Mussolini still use to spread fascist ideas in the early 20’s
Il popolo d’Italia
What were the squads ?
The squadristi, black shirts , the PNF’s personal army/militia
