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Germany- early weimar > 1918 crisis > Flashcards

1918 crisis Flashcards

1
Q

What were Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points

A

Points that were devised after the war as a means of dealing with it fairly, its aim was to prevent another war

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2
Q

What are examples of Woodrow Wilsons 14 points

A

Return of Alsace-Lorraine to France
Establishment of a League of Nations
Self-determination
Self-governance
General disarmament

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3
Q

Who did the kaiser appoint as his new chancellor

A

Prince Max of Baden

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4
Q

What was the role of the chancellor in 1918

A

Responsible for the Reichstag

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5
Q

How was the initial government created

A

Based on majority parties

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6
Q

Who had control of the armed forces in 1918

A

Civil government

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7
Q

When did Prince Max write to Woodrow Wilson about an armistice

A

3rd October

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8
Q

Who resigned in 1918 and fled to Sweden

A

Ludendorff

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9
Q

When was the anti kaiser strike by the workers in 1918

A

22nd October

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10
Q

What date did sailors at the German naval base took control

A

3rd November

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11
Q

What occurred on the 4th November 1918

A

Revolt spread through the city and throughout the country

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12
Q

When did the republics claim Bavaria

A

8th November

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13
Q

Where did the SPD call for a strike

A

In Berlin by the workers

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14
Q

What date did the Kaiser refuse abdication

A

9th November

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15
Q

Who made the kaiser abdicate

A

Max did it for him

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16
Q

What did Prince Max do after abdicating the kaiser

A

He then resigned from his role

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17
Q

Who was appointed successor after Max

A

Freidrich Ebert

18
Q

After the kaiser abdication, why was it a struggle for power

A

Different political groups vied for control to shape the future political, economic and social structure of Germany.

19
Q

What party was Ebert from

A

SPD

20
Q

What did Ebert believe when appointed chancellor

A

He did not believe in a violent revolution. He wanted to build a democratic, parliamentary system of government.

21
Q

What was Ebert’s first priority in office

A

His first priority was to organise elections for a constituent Assembly which would draw up a new constitution.

22
Q

Where was social anarchy the norm

A

Beyond Berlin

23
Q

What is anarchy

A

A state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority or other controlling systems

24
Q

Who were particularly involved with anarchy and how

A

Former servicemen. Were at demonstrations, strikes and violent clashes with the police and army

25
Q

What were the 2 major threats for Ebert initially

A

Workers’ and soldiers’ councils

26
Q

What happened on the 22nd November 1918 in terms of agreements

A

They agreed the government would only exercise power in name of the councils

27
Q

What were the 3 main reasons people believed the Prussian institute would truly vanish

A

Aristocratic states were broken up
Army, civil service and judiciary were democratised
Key industries nationalised under the control of the workers

28
Q

Who was the armies new leader in 1918

A

Groener

29
Q

What was Groener’s initial aims

A

The value of order and discipline and was determined to defeat any attempt at a communist revolution

30
Q

What were Groener’s terms to Ebert about the army

A

He would support Ebert if the army were not democratised and Ebert defended Germany against a communist revolution

31
Q

What was Ebert and Groener’s agreement called and when was it

A

10th November, Ebert-Groener pact

32
Q

What uprising occurred on 6th December 1918

A

A spartacist uprising

33
Q

What happened in the first spartacist uprising

A

Berlin was fired on by soldiers and 16 were killed

34
Q

What uprising occurred on 23rd and 24th of December

A

Sailors revolt

35
Q

What happened in the sailors revolt

A

It occurred in Berlin, it was put down by the army and it led to 3 USPD ministers resigning

36
Q

What uprising occurred on the 6th January 1919

A

2nd spartacist uprising

37
Q

What happened in the 2nd spartacist uprising

A

Was heavy fighting on the street but was ultimately crushed after a week to due limited support. by the army and freikorps

38
Q

Who led the 2nd spartacist uprising and what happened to them

A

Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht, they were both executed

39
Q

When was the first election to the constituent assembly

A

January 1919

40
Q

What is the constituent assembly

A

An elected body with the specific task of drawing up a new constitution, usually in the aftermath of a revolution.

41
Q

Who did the constituent assembly chose as president of the new German republic

A

Ebert

42
Q

Who was in the initial coalition

A

SPD, centre and german democratic parties

Germany- early weimar (11 decks)

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