1919-1929 Flashcards
(33 cards)
When was the first communist attempt to overthrow the German government?
January 1919
When was Bavaria declared a “Soviet Republic”?
March 1919
Who put down the German Communist government in 1919?
Right-wing ex-soldiers Freikorps
What did nationalists call the Weimar ministers that signed Versailles?
“the November Criminals”
Who was assassinated in 1922 and why?
Foreign Minster Rathenau; because of his support for Versailles
When was and what was the result of the Upper Silesia plebiscite
1921; 60% voted to remain German
Consequences of the Upper Silesia plebiscite:
Britain and France disagreed over whether it should go to Germany, so the League divided it and gave Poland the industrial areas
Why were industrial and coal mining areas important?
They were the main way of making money, and coal was vital for running most machinery/ transport/ everything basically
When were the reparations set at £6.6billion?
April 1921
What did Germany have to supplement the reparation payment with in the first year?
Giving France goods and coal
When and what was the Kapp Putsch?
A part of the Freikorps led by Kapp attempt to overthrow the government; March 1920
What was the Genoa Conference 1922?
A conference called by Britain to discuss a moratorium with Germany’s reparations
What was the secret treaty between Germany and Russia 1922?
Rapallo Treaty
What did the Rapallo Treaty do?
Write of Germany and Russia’s debts to eachother; Germany could train soldiers in Soviet territory
Why was the Rapallo Treaty significant to Germany and Russia?
It slightly got them out of their isolation to other countries (Germany for war and their new Socialist government/ Russia’s Bolshevik revolution had left them “outsiders”)
Why were tensions between Britain and France high before the Ruhr Crisis?
Britain was prepared to support a moratorium; France insisted on debts being repaid
How did German workers react to the Ruhr Crisis?
Passive resistance; they striked and refused to work for the French.
How did the German government’s solution to the Ruhr Crisis affect Germany?
They printed more money to pay the workers on strike, and this led to CRAZY hyperinflation
How much did a loaf of bread cost in Berlin in November 1923?
201 BILLION marks (in 1918 it costed 0.63 marks)
Why did Hitler choose November 1923 for his Munich Putsch?
It was the height of the hyperinflation crisis
3 aims of the League of Nations:
International peace through collective security; Encourage disarmament; Solve social and economic problems
What is arbitration?
A third party settling a dispute
Problems with the League’s Covenant Article 11?
(the sort of ‘collective security’ clause) No way of forcing states to agree to the 3 month cooling period; did not specify what action the League would take so they have to decide every time (good but time-consuming probably)
How did the Dawes plan reorganise Germany’s reparation payments?
Pay 1 billion marks/ year for the first 5 years, then 2.5 billion/ year
