1919-45 The Holocaust

Question 1

Why were the Jewish people seen as an obstacle of Lebensraum?

Answer 1

• 1921-25: Hitler believed Germany needed Lebensraum (living space) to survive
• Plans to expand territory into East Europe would provide resources for the German people
• However Jewish (and Slavic) people - The Untermensch - occupied that space, meaning they would be removed by Hitler
• Aryan race seen as superior

Question 2

Characteristics of the Aryan Race

Answer 2

• Blond, Blue eyed, athletic and tall was the general supposed Aryan standard
• Propaganda -> photographs and films idolized people who displayed these characteristics
• “Pure German Blood” = both German parents, no non-German relatives
• “Mythical Race”
• “Superior Race”
• “Master Race”
• Believed they were above all others in society

Question 3

Nazi views towards the Jewish

Answer 3

• Untermenschen= Sub Humans
• Seen as “undesirables” by Aryan race as they were the “Biggest threat” to the impurity of the Aryan Race, therefore they must be eradicated
• Goal to “remove inferior race” -> Jews
• Hitler angered when Jews reached (business) success
• Associated WWI defeat with Jews “giving in to surrender” and not aiding more in efforts in war

Question 4

Aims of Volksgemeinschaft

Answer 4

• Nazi party decided to create a more equal and “racially pure” society (Volksgemeinschaft)
  = central to Nazi ideology
• Aim = create a harmonious and united community of racially pure Germans
• Built around concept of ‘Blood and soil’ - “Blut und Boden”
• ## Sexual relations between Aryan Germans and Non-German people resulted in expulsion from the Volksgemeinschaft

Question 5

Nuremberg Laws

Question 6

Impact of Nuremberg Laws

Question 7

Types of Propaganda

Question 8

Role of Josef Gobbels

Question 9

Stereotypes promoted in Anti-Sematic Propaganda

Question 10

Cause of Kristallnacht

Answer 10

• Herschel Grynszpan murdered the ambassador Ernst Von Rath
  -> supposedly did this due to the discrimination his family was facing in Germany
• Nazi Government used opportunity to launch a night of antisemitic violence by orders of multiple attacks

Question 11

Impact of Kristallnacht

Question 12

Laws introduced late 1938 that impacted Jewish people

Question 13

Madagascar Plan

Answer 13

• Nazi emigration of Jewish people
• Nazis solution to Jewish problem
• March 1938 = Madagascar Plan Shelved
• Summer of 1941 = Madagascar Plan taken up
• Plan involved Mass deportation of 4 Million Jews shipped to Madagascar over 4 years

Question 14

Why Ghettos were established

Question 15

Purpose of the Ghetto

Question 16

Different types of Ghetto

Question 17

Small acts of resistance in the Ghetto

Question 18

Living conditions in Ghettos

Question 19

Experience in the Warsaw Ghetto

Question 20

Experience in the Lodz Ghetto

Question 21

Who are the Einsatzgruppen

Question 22

Einsatzgruppen as perpetrators in the Babi Yar Massacre

Question 23

Ukrainians as perpetrators in the Babi Yar Massacre

Question 24

Events of the Babi Yar Massacre

Question 25

How were Jewish people deceived?

Question 26

Why did ordinary Ukrainians welcome Nazi invasion

Answer 26

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Question 27

The origins of the Final solution

Question 28

The Wannsee Conference

Question 29

Extermination Camps

Question 30

Transport to Extermination Camps

Question 31

Selections at the camps

Answer 31

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Question 32

Overall living conditions of those forced to work

Answer 32

- Strict timetable - Rise for work at 4:00-4:30am - Ration for breakfast = piece of bread + watery soup - Given just enough to keep alive - Hunger = greatest problem -> too weak = gas chamber - "Arbeit Macht Frei" = work makes you free

Question 33

Work done by forced laborers

Answer 33

- Outside camp = worked in all conditions + would often walk kilometers to 'work' = Forced labor - support war effort - Inside camp = if got trade - used to support Nazi Agenda within camp - Jewish doctors = take blood from prisoners to keep German soldiers alive

Question 34

Work and living conditions for Sonderkommando

Answer 34

Jewish Sonderkommando = work brigade whose job it was to support the Nazi commanders - Specially selected for their strength - Either do job demanded or an earlier death was enforced - Forced to work in the Gas chambers - carry out bodies, put victims in crematorium, place bones in crusher (destroy death evidence) - Important role = better living conditions than other prisoners = - not usually subject to random killings, own living space - Geheimnistroeger = Bearer of secrets

Question 35

What happened to those selected for Gas Chambers?

Question 36

Overview of the role played by occupied nations during the Holocaust (L10)

Question 37

Role of Vichy France in supporting the development of the Holocaust (L10)

Question 38

Role of Croatia in supporting the development of the Holocaust (L10)

Question 39

Overview of role played by axis powers during the Holocaust (L10)

Question 40

Role of Romania in the Holocaust (L10)