Federalism Vocab Flashcards
Unitary system
Power is centralized. State or regional governments derive authority from a central government
Federalism
Government authority shared by national and local governments
Federal system
Power is divided between central and state or local governments
Confederate system
Power is held by independent states
Necessary and proper clause
Section of the constitution allowing congress to pass all laws necessary and proper to its duties, and which has permitted congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it by the constitution
Nullification
The doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that in the states opinion violates the constitution.
Dual federalism
Doctrine holding that the national government is supreme in its sphere, the states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate.
Police power
State power to enact laws promoting health, safely, and morals.
Initiative
Process that permits voters to put legislative measure directly on a ballot.
Referendum
Procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature.
Recall
Procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office.
Grants in aid
Money given by the national government to the states.
Categorical grants
Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport.
Conditions of aid
Terms set by the national government that states must meet if they ate to receive certain federal funds.
Mandates
Terms set by the national government that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants.
