1924-33 Flashcards
(62 cards)
Who were the 3 candidates for 1925 Presidential election?
- Marx (centre)
- Thalmann (communist)
- Hindenburg (Right Wing)
What % of votes did every President candidate achieve?
- Hind = 48.3%
- Marx = 45.3%
- Thalmann = 6.4%
How did the middle classes suffer 1924-29? (3)
- Bankrupt by hyperinflation
- White Collar workers did not enjoy the wage rises of industry, and they could not gain access to welfare
- Had no clear political party e.g. SPD for working classes
What improved the lives of the working classes 1924-29? (4)
- 1927, compulsory unemployment coverage covers 17 mil workers
- Article 155 of constitution stated the German state must require ‘secure healthy housing’
Meant 1924-31, over 2 mil houses were built - 1924 Arbitration scheme allowed workers to argue for more favourable working conditions before a neutral judge
- National Income 12% higher 1928 than 1913
How did the lives of those in agriculture suffer? (3)
- Global Grain surplus 1925-26 caused price slump
- 1929: agricultural production is 3/4s of 1913 level
- In the late 1920s, wages in agriculture were 44% lower
How many companies went bankrupt 1923 compared to 1924?
1923 = 233 1924 = over 6,000
How did exports increase?
1920: 3.7 bil
1929: 13.5 bil
How many cartels were there in 1925?
3,000
What major cartel formed 1926?
Why was it major?
Vereinigte Stahlwerke
Controlled at least 40% of total iron and steel production
36% of coal production
What was the unemployment rate 1929?
3 million - 14.5% of workforce
How did social welfare improve? (2)
- 1927, compulsory unemployment coverage covers 17 million workers
- Public spending on housing increased. 1929 it is 33 x more than it was in 1913
How did the lives of the Elites become lessened 1924-29?
- Weimar constituion removed all legal privileges of aristocracy.
- Prussian Junker military were undermined by demilitarisation
How did the lives of youths improve?
1922 Youth Welfare Law meant every child had right to education
How did the lives of youths suffer?
- Hit by high levels of unemployment and were drawn to the Nazi party.
- ‘Wild cliquen’ of rebellious young men
- Only 7% of secondary school students were working class 1930
What was a Rentmark worth?
I rentmark = 1 trillion marks
1 dollar = 4.2 rentmarks
What did the Dawes Plan state? (4)
- Ruhr returned to full control of Germans
- Reparations payments 1 billion in 1st year, then 2.5 annually
- Allies would supervise reconstruction of Reichsbank and take a degree of control of G’s central banking system
- G would receive a loan of 800 million gold marks from USA
When Schact took over the Reichsbank, what did the government stop doing? (3)
- Stopped offering credit to industry
- Lending rates controlled
- New taxes on individuals and companies
What did Stresemann do September 1923?
Called off passive resistance in Ruhr, promised to resume reparations and established plans for new currency
Who did Stresemann appoint 1923 to oversee introduction of new currency?
Schact
How many votes did a party need to representation in Reichstag?
60,000
What parties did Weimar’s proportional system create?
Saxon Peasants
- 1928 election, achieved 0.4% of vote, yet had 2 seats
How did the Nazi party do in the 1928 election?
2.6% of vote and 12 seats
What developments were seen in the chemicals industry? (2)
Farben became largest manufacturing enterprise in Europe
Formation of cartel Farbeninaustrie
Why did right-wing parties critique the Dawes Plan?
- It still accepted Reparations
- Felted allied control of banks was an invasion of sovereignty
