02-13 Intro; Derm Dx and Tx Flashcards
What are the primary lesions?
- Macule → Patch
- Papule → Plaque
- Vesicle → Bulla
- Nodule
- Tumor
- Wheal
- pustule
macule
- definition
- types
1° Lesion
circumscribed, flat discoloration of skin up to 0.5 cm in size.
Types:
- Inflammatory: produced by vasodilation of superficial vessels
- Intrinsic pigment deposition: Example is a freckle.
- Extrinsic pigment deposition: Example is a tattoo.
Patch
1° Lesion
circumscribed, flat discoloration of skin larger than 0.5 cm in size
Papule
1° Lesion
circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion, up to 0.5 cm in size
Plaque
1° Lesion
circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion larger 0.5 cm in size
maculopapule
1° Lesion
a hybrid term and one which has little to recommend it. Its use usually means that the examiner has not been able to determine the primary change and is confused. Avoid employing it.
Nodule
1° Lesion
circumscribed, palpable, solid, round, or ellipsoidal lesion.
- Nodule refers to a growth that is both elevated above the skin surface and has a deeper component as well.
- Generally this refers to lesions larger than 0.5 cm, and most nodules are greater than 1cm and up to 4-5cm.
tumor
1° Lesion
implies proliferation of cells or tissues, either benign or malignant.
- Any of the other primary and secondary terms may be appropriate in the initial description of a tumor; e.g., nodule or plaque.
- A large nodule is often referred to as a tumor.
- There are no size specificities for tumor.
wheal
1° Lesion
a special type of papule or plaque which is the response of the skin to histamine release and is characterized by the classic three features (triple response of Lewis):
- edema
- erythema
- and a flare.
The edema fluid is bound, which contrasts this lesion with the vesicle and bulla. A wheal is transitory or evanescent, seldom remaining in one location for more than 3 or 4 hours.
vesicle
1° Lesion
circumscribed collection of free clear, fluid up to 0.5cm cm. in size
Subepidermal
bulla
1° Lesion
circumscribed collection of free clear, fluid more than 0.5cm. in diameter
pustule
1° Lesion
circumscribed collections of leukocytes and free fluid (pus) which are variable in size
What are the secondary lesions?
- Scale
- Crust
- Erosion
- Ulceration
- Fissure
- Scar
- Atrophy
Scale
secondary lesion
“excess dead epidermal cells, i.e., keratin. Often produced by abnormal or rapid keratinization and shedding.”
Crust
2°LESION
collections of dried serum and cellular debris – “scab”.
Erosion
2° Lesion
focal losses of epidermis. Usually, some superficial dermal tissue loss as well, but superficial or thin in comparison to ulcers and heals without scarring.
Ulcer
2° Lesion
Deeper than erosion: into dermis
Fissure
2° Lesion
- linear losses of epidermis and dermis which have sharply defined, abrupt walls; a slit.
Scar
- Types?
2° Lesion
- abnormal formations of c.t. replacing tissue lost or altered by some pathologic process.
- Always implies dermal damage.
- Cicatrix is a synonym.
- Types include:
- a. Atrophic: thinned
- b. Hypertrophic (keloid)
- c. Striae: a stretch mark
Atrophy
2° Lesion
- A depression in the skin resulting from thinning of the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous fat.
Milia
Special lesion
Small epidermal cysts
Telangiectasia
Special lesion
blanches
Lichenification
= thickening
Often increased lines are seen, after the skin has been rubbed over and over.
Petechiae
do not blanche with pressure
