MT Ch. 3-integumentary Flashcards
Hair & Function
Provides some protection and associate with sensory receptors
Skin & Function
Protective barrier that regulates temp., houses sensory receptors, and secretes sweat and sebum
Nail Function
Covers and protects tips of digits
Two Alternate Names for Skin
Integument and cutaneous membrane
Skin’s Accessory Organs
Sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, and nails
Primary function of skin
Protection and a two-way barrier that keeps pathogens and harmful chemicals out
Sensory Receptors
Detect temperature, pain, touch, and pressure and are located in the skin
Sweat glands & alternate name
Sudoriferous glands Help maintain body temperature by trying to cool down
Sebaceous glands
Produce sebum that lubricates skin surface
Epidermis
Thin, outer skin layer
Dermis & alternate name
A.k.a. Corium (true skin) Middle, fibrous connective tissue layer -living tissue with blood supply
Subcutaneous layer & abbreviation
Subcu or Subq Innermost fatty tissue layer A.k.a hypodermis
What tissue is the epidermis?
Stratified squamous epithelium -flat, scale like cells arranged in overlapping layers
Basal layer
Deepest layer of the epidermis -scales continually grow and multiply, pushing old cells toward surface of skin
Keratin
Hard protein that fills the dead cells as they are pushed to the surface and allow the skin to act as a waterproof barrier
Melanocytes
Special cells in the basal layer that produce melanin
Melanin
Black pigment responsible for skin color and protection from UV rays
Collagen fibers
Strong, fibrous protein in connective tissue that forms a flexible glue that gives connective tissue its strength
Lipocytes
Fat cells that make up the subcutaneous layer -protect deep tissues and act as insulation
Apocrine glands
Sweat glands in pubic and underarm areas that secrete thicker sweat that produces odor when it comes into contact with skin bacteria
Cutaneous
Pertaining to the skin
Dermal
Pertaining to the skin
Epidermal
Pertaining to upon the skin
Hypodermic
Pertaining to under the skin
Intradermal
Pertaining to within the skin
Subcutaneous
Pertaining to under the skin
Ungual
Pertaining to the nails
Abrasion
Scraping away of skin surface by friction
Anhidrosis
Abnormal condition of no sweat
Comedo
Collection of hardened sebum in follicle, aka a blackhead
Contusion
Injury caused by a blow to the body where the skin is not broken
Cyanosis
Bluish tint to the skin caused by deoxygenated blood
Cyst
Fluid-filled sac under the skin
Depigmentation
Loss of normal skin color or pigment
Diaphoresis
Profuse sweating
Ecchymosis
Abnormal condition of skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under the skin after a blow aka a bruise
Erythema
Redness or flushing of the skin
Erythroderma
Condition of having red or flushed skin
Eschar
Thick layer of dead tissue and fluid that develops over a burn
Fissure
Crack-like lesion or groove on the skin
Hirsutism
Excessive hair growth
Hyperemia
Redness of skin due to increased blood flow
Hyperhydrosis
Abnormal condition of excessive sweat
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive skin pigments
Ichthyoderma
Condition of scaly dry skin
Lesion
General term for wound, injury, or abnormality
Leukoderma
Skin that appears white because pigment is absent
Lipoma
Fatty mass
Macule
Flat discolored area on skin Ex) freckle or birthmark
Necrosis
Abnormal condition of death
Nevus
Pigmented skin blemish such as a birthmark or mole that is usually benign but could be cancerous
Nodule
Firm solid mass of cells in the skin larger than 0.5 cm
Onychomalacia
Abnormal softening of the nail
Pallor
Abnormal paleness of the skin
Papule
Small circular raised spot on surface of skin less than 0.5 cm
Petechiae
Pinpoint purple or red spots from skin hemorrhages
Photosensitivity
Skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light
Pruritis
Severe itching
Purpura
Hemorrhages in the skin due to fragile blood vessels, common in older adults
Purulent
Containing pus or an infection that is producing pus
Pustule
Raised spot on the skin that contains pus
Pyoderma
Presence of pus on or in the skin
Scleroderma
Skin becomes hardened
Seborrhea
Oily discharge
Suppurative
Containing or producing pus
Ulcer
Open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane
Urticaria
Skin eruption of reddish wheals with severe itching, aka hives
Vesicle
Small fluid filled raised spot on the skin aka blister
Wheal
Small round swollen area on the skin typically seen with allergic reactions
Xeroderma
Condition in which the skin is abnormally dry
Abscess
Collection of pus in the skin
Acne
Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
Acne rosacea
Chronic form of acne seen in adults involving redness, tiny pimples, and broken blood vessels primarily on cheeks and nose
Albinism
Body is unable to make melanin, characterized by white hair and skin and red pupils
Basal cell carcinoma
Cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis, typically arises on sun exposed skin and does not spread -BCC
First degree burn
Superficial layer and skin is reddened
Second degree burn
Partial thickness with red skin and blisters
Third degree burn
Full thickness and charring
Cellulitis
Inflammation of connective tissue found in skin
Rule of Nines
Determines percentage of body burned by dividing the body into sections
Decubitus ulcer
Open sore caused by pressure that cuts off Aka bedsore or pressure sore
Dermatitis
Inflammation of the skin
Dermatosis
General term indicating presence of abnormal skin condition
Dry gangrene
Late stages of gangrene characterized by affected area becoming dried, blackened, and shriveled
Eczema
Superficial dermatitis accompanied by redness, vesicles, itching, and crusting
Gangrene
Tissue necrosis usually due to deficient to blood supply
Ichthyosis
Abnormal condition in which the skin is dry and scaly
Impetigo
Highly infectious bacterial infection of the skin with pustules that rupture and crust over
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Skin cancer frequently in aids patients, brownish-purple papules that spread to internal organs
Keloid
Raised and thickened scar after injury or surgery
Keratosis
Any skin condition involving overgrowth and thickening of epidermis
Laceration
Torn or jagged wound
Malignant melanoma
Skin cancer caused by uncontrolled growth of melanocytes, can quickly spread
Pediculosis
Lice infestation
Psoriasis
Papules forming “silvery scale” patches with circular borders
Rubella
Contagious viral skin infection Aka German measles
Scabies
Egg laying mite burrows through the skin and causes redness and intense itching
Sebaceous cyst
Cyst filled with sebum or oil from a sebaceous gland and may need to be excised
Cicatrix
Scar
Squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer of the epidermis layer of skin that may spread to deeper tissue, often starts as a sore that won’t heal
Strawberry hemangioma
Collection of dilated blood vessels causing a red birthmark that fades a fee months after birth
Systemic lupus erythematosis
Chronic disease of connective tissue characterized by red, scaly butterfly rash across cheeks and nose. Autoimmune condition
Tinea
Fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions
Tinea capitis
Fungal infection of scalp aka ringworm
