1945-1991 Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
Truman’s time in office
A
1945-53
2
Q
Stalins time in power
A
1924-1953
3
Q
Maos time in power
A
1949-1976
4
Q
Yalta and Potsdam
A
1945
5
Q
Iron curtain speech and Kennans long telegram
A
1946
6
Q
Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
A
1947
7
Q
Cominform
A
1947
8
Q
Britain withdraws support from anti-communists in Greece civil war
A
- USA takes over
9
Q
Communist coup in Czechoslovakia
A
1948
10
Q
Tito and Stalin split and Yugoslavia accepts Marshall aid
A
1948
11
Q
Berlin blockade begins
A
1948 in response to currency reform in west Germany (deutsche mark)
12
Q
Berlin blockade ends
A
1949 when Stalin gives up because the airlift was so successful
13
Q
NATO
A
1949
14
Q
USSR successfully detonates first atomic bomb
A
1949
15
Q
West: Federal republic of Germany
East: German Democratic republic
A
1949
16
Q
Communist victory in china
A
1949
17
Q
Dean Acheson defensive perimeter (Korea left out)
A
1950
18
Q
Sino-soviet alliance
A
1950
19
Q
NSC-68 national security strategy - military budget increased by
A
1950
20
Q
Korean War begins
A
1950
21
Q
US tests hydrogen bomb
A
1952
22
Q
Stalin’s death
A
1953
23
Q
Armistice signed to end Korean War
A
1953
24
Q
Eisenhower’s time in office
A
1953-1961
25
Krushchev’s time in office
1953-1964
26
French defeat at Dien Bien Phu and Geneva conference to discuss indochina
1954
27
SEATO
1954
28
Warsaw pact as a result of west Germany joining NATO
1955
29
First superpower summit since Potsdam
1955 GENEVA
30
Krushchev’s secret speech
1956
31
Space race begins with sputnik and Laika the dog
1957
32
Krushchev issues Berlin ultimatum
1958
33
Camp David
1959
34
U-2 spy plane shot down over ussr which ends Paris summit
1960
35
Kennedy’s time in office
1961-1963
36
Bay of Pigs
1961
37
Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba
1959
38
Both USA and USSR send people to space
1961
39
Cuban missile crisis
1962
40
Nuclear war deterrent treaty’s
1963 - Hotline and Test ban
41
Diem dies
1963
42
Kennedy dies
1963
43
Johnson’s time in office
1963-69
44
Nixons time in office
1969-74
45
Brezhnevs time in power
1964-82
46
Gulf of Tonkin
1964 - USS Maddox was attacked by the north Vietnamese on the coast of north Vietnam. Led to American escalation in the Vietnam war
47
Gulf of Tonkin resolution
The result of the gulf of Tonkin incident which gave Johnson permission to act without consulting congress
48
Pleiku attack
1965 - Vietcong attacked us airbase at Pleiku
49
Operation rolling thunder
1965 - a strategic bombing campaign that marked the escalation of American commmiyment to the Vietnam war. In response to gulf of Tonkin and pleiku
50
China tests atomic bomb
1964
51
Cultural revolution begins in china
1966-67
52
Tet offensive
1968 - Vietcong attack hundreds of towns and cities in south Vietnam during the lunar new year celebrations but were defeated by south Vietnam and America resulting in the military strength of north Vietnam being lost. It was a military victory but a psychological loss for America as it demonstrated the determination of NV
53
Nixon doctrine
1969
54
Nixons famous line
“Peace with honour”
55
Nixon extends war into Cambodia
1969 operation menu targeted areas used by the north Vietnamese, e.g. destroy the Ho Chi Minh trail
56
Kissingers secret visit to china
1971 - opened negotiations for peace
57
Salt 1 treaty - Detente begins
1972
58
Results of Nixon extending the war into Cambodia
Gulf of Tonkin resolution removed and US ground troops were banned from entering any country other than Vietnam (couldn’t launch an attack on Laos so SV had to and it was unsuccessful)
59
What was ping pong diplomacy
The us table tennis team visited china for a friendly game of table tennis in 1971 and were followed by Nixon himself visiting china in 1972. BETTER RELATIONS!!
60
What was nixons aim in Vietnam
Vietnamisation (Nixon doctrine 1969)
61
When were the Paris peace accords and what was the result
Pressure to find a peaceful solution was immense from the public so the Paris peace accords in 1973 aimed to call a ceasefire! THIEU (south Vietnam) had previously refused to sign a peace treaty in fear America would abandon them but in 1973 he was forced to sign the Paris peace accords and so was north Vietnam due to the threat of air strikes from America.
62
Vietnam war end
1973 cease fire
1975 city of Saigon in south Vietnam fell to communism and after American forces left Vietnam, the whole country was unified under communist leadership
63
Moscow summit
1972- SALT 1 limited icbms and limited each side to only 2 ABM sites. Basic 12 principles for peaceful coexistence was ageeed.
64
Vladivostok summit
1974- set up the framework for SALT 2 and agreed to continue detente despite Nixon resigning
65
Why did Nixon resign
1973 watergate espionage meant he resigned in 1974
66
Helsinki accords
1975- 3 baskets involving economic, scientific, environmental cooperation alongside human rights agreements
(USSR did not follow the human rights agreements)
67
SALT 2 Treaty
1979- aimed to limit MIRV missiles but was never ratified due to soviet invasion of Afghanistan that marked the end of detente
68
Carter doctrine
Jan 1980 is response to soviet invasion of Afghanistan in Dec 1979 - stated that the USA would use any military force necessary to defend its interests in the Persian gulf
69
What was the Halstein Doctrine
FRG would not recognise the existence of the GDR
70
When was the Halstein Doctrine abandoned and why
Willy Brandt became chancellor of West Germany in 1969 and began a new approach to east west relations called Ostpolitik where he sought to negotiate with the GDR
71
Key Ostpolitik dates
Basic treaty 1972 recognised the sovereignty of both states and sought peaceful methods of conflict resolution.
By the end of 1973, both FRG and GDR were members of the United Nations
72
When was the Brezhnev doctrine
1968 - justified the invasion of czechoslovakia, it essentially asserted the soviet unions right to use force to maintain communist party control in neighbouring socialist countries
73
Fords time in office
1974-77
74
Carters time in office
1977-81
75
Reagans time in office
1981-89
76
Bush’s time in office
1989-93
77
Andropov and Chernenkos time in office
Andrapov: 1982-84
Chernenko: 1984-85
78
Gorbachev time in power
1985-91
79
When was the sino soviet split
1964
80
USA boycott Moscow Olympics
1980
81
Martial law declared in Poland that banned the solidarity trade union
1981
82
Pope John Paul II visits Poland
1979 - encourages them not to conform and to take action
83
Strategic defensive initiative
1983 Reagans Star Wars
84
Reagans famous speech
“Evil empire” speech denouncing the Soviet Union in 1983
85
KAL 007 shot down how many ppl killed
1983 - 269 ppl dead
86
Able Archer 1983
NATO exercise that the soviets saw as a cover for a real attack. Almost caused nuclear war
87
USSR boycott LA olympics
1984
88
What were Gorbachev two key reform policies
Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring)
89
Chernobyl
Nuclear power plant explosion in Ukraine 1986
90
Which summit nearly achieved agreement to eliminate all nuclear weapons
Reykjavik summit 1986
91
INF treaty
1987 eliminated all intermediate range missiles
92
Sinatra doctrine allows Eastern European countries to choose their own path
1987 - replaces Brezhnev doctrine
93
When did Gorbachev announce soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan
1988… complete withdrawal by 1989
94
Which country first opened its borders in the iron curtain in 1989
Hungary opened border with Austria
95
When did the Berlin Wall fall
1989
96
Which summit declared the end of the Cold War
Malta 1989
97
When was Germany officially reunified
1990
98
Which major arms control treaty was signed in 1991
START 1
99
Who was the Chinese leader during most of the end of the Cold War
Deng Xiaoping (1978-1997)
100
1985 summit Reagan and Gorby
Geneva - agreed to pursue 50% reduction in nuclear arsenals and committed to regular summit meetings. Nothing was officially signed but set foundation for future negotiations. SDI was a sticking point
101
Reykjavik
1986 - nearly reached an agreement to eliminate all nuclear weapons within 10 years but broke down over Reagans refusal to limit SDI. Demonstrate both leaders commitment to dramatic nuclear reductions
102
Washington summit
1987 - signed the intermediate range nuclear forces (INF) treaty
Eliminated an entire class of nuclear missiles!!!
103
Moscow summit
1988 - ratified INF. Reagans visit to red square demonstrated improved relations and he stated that the “evil empire” was of another age and era. IMPROVED!!
104
Malta Summit
1989 - declared the Cold War effectively over and discussed German reunification
105
106
Reagan doctrine
1985 - backing any anti communist insurgents wherever they might be. Provided financial and military assistance to anti communist opposition in Angola Nicaragua and Afghanistan
107
Nicaragua
Cuba and USSR provided support to the Sandinistas in Nicaragua while Reagan provided support to the contras. Contra war killed an estimated 30,000 ppl. EARLY 1980s
