Respiratory System

Question 1

Which structure is part of the lower respiratory system?

Answer 1

Larynx

Question 2

Which structure is the final part of the conduction portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

terminal bronchioles

Question 3

Why are the cartilages that reinforce the trachea C-shaped?

Answer 3

to allow room for esophageal expansion

Question 4

Which arteries supply blood to the conducting portions of the respiratory tract?

Answer 4

bronchial arteries

Question 5

What path does air take when flowing from the glottis to the respiratory membrane?

Answer 5

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveoli

Question 6

What statement (s) is (are) true with regard to the respiratory membrane?

Answer 6

It is formed by the fusion of endothelium and simple squamous cells of the alveoli, diffusion of gases across the respiratory membrane occurs rapidly, and transport of O2 and CO2 across the respiratory membrane is simultaneous

Question 7

What statement below is true of the pleura?

Answer 7

It is attached to the diaphragm and thoracic wall

Question 8

What role do the nasal conchae play in the respiratory system?

Answer 8

trapping airborne particles in mucus, warming and humidifying incoming air, and bringing olfactory stimulation to olfactory receptors

Question 9

If surfactant is not produced, alveoli ____ due to_____.

Answer 9

collapse; increase in surface tension

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT TRUE concerning the efficiency of gas exchange?

Answer 10

The difference in partial pressure across the respiratory membrane is minimal.

Question 11

If you have maximally exhaled all the air you can (ERV), what is the amount you can now maximally inhale?

Answer 11

vital capacity

Question 12

In pneumonia, fluid accumulates in the alveoli of the lungs and bronchioles constrict. What effect does pneumonia have on vital capacity?

Answer 12

decrease in vital capacity

Question 13

Which respiratory muscles become actively involved only during a forced inspiration?

Answer 13

Pectoralis minor, scalenes, and serratus anterior

Question 14

How is inspiratory capacity calculated?

Answer 14

Tv+IRV

Question 15

Why is Va more important than the respiratory minute volume?

Answer 15

Va determines the rate of O2 delivery to alveoli

Question 16

What is the functional relationship b/w hemoglobin and pH?

Answer 16

As pH drops, HbO2 saturation declines

Question 17

Which gas law states, “At a given temperature, the amount of a particular gas in solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas”?

Answer 17

Henry’s law

Question 18

What does Boyle’s law state concerning the relationship b/w pressure and volume?

Answer 18

It you increase the volume of a gas, its pressure will decrease. P=1/V

Question 19

A decrease in pneumotaxic output results in ____becuase____

Answer 19

Decreased respiratory rate and increased depth of respiration; the apneustic centers are stimulated

Question 20

What do increased temperature in active skeletal muscles and increased concentrations of BPG have in common? What is the result?

Answer 20

Both allow the Hb molecule to release O2 more readily; improved tissue oxygenation

Question 21

Which of the following contributes the most to the expiration of carbon dioxide?

Answer 21

The formation of a bicarbonate ion

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the transport of the respiratory gases in blood?

Answer 22

CO2 binds to the Fe2+ center of the hemoglobin molecule

Question 23

The epithelium of the pharynx changes from___in the nasopharynx to___ in the oropharynx because__?

Answer 23

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar; stratified squamous; the oropharynx is subject to abrasion

Question 24

Why is important to exhale while lifting weights?

Answer 24

To prevent intrapulmonary pressure from increasing

Question 25

Edward breaks a rib that punctures his left lung. What will happen to his left lung and how will it be treated?

Answer 25

Atelectasis; vacuum air from pleural space

Question 26

Beyond transport of respiratory gases, how do the respiratory and cardiovascular systems interact?

Answer 26

Regulation of BP by activation of angiotensin 2. Bicarbonate ions contribute to the buffering capacity of blood.