1950s Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
38th parallel
A
division between the two koreas after WWII
determined by the Soviets and US
2
Q
1949
A
Soviet and American armies withdraw
3
Q
Syngman Rhee
A
Leader left in charge of South Korea
4
Q
Kim Il Sung
A
Leader left in charge of North Korea
5
Q
June 25, 1950
A
NK invades SK
pushes past Seoul
6
Q
Truman to UN
A
UN security council
requests authorization of troops to defend SK
80% of troops sent are American, led by MacArthur
7
Q
Goal of War
A
2 possibilites
push NK back to 38th parallel
OR
liberate all of Korea
8
Q
Nov, 1950
A
China sends troops border, US troops pushed South past Seoul by Jan 1951
9
Q
UN Counter Attack
A
pushes Chinese/ NK back to 38th by MacArthur
10
Q
MacArthur ambition
A
wants to take war into China to end communism
11
Q
Truman vs Macarthur
A
Truman fires MacArthur bc of China
Still following containment
12
Q
why truman didnt expand war
A
feared that USSR would aid China— didnt want direct fire
13
Q
containment
A
stopping SPREAD of communism
14
Q
peace negotiations
A
1951
38th parallel
demilitarized zone in between
15
Q
extra facts
A
first integrated army
veterans not treated as gloriously as WWII vets
16
Q
Fears during Eisenhower
A
losing jobs/depression nuclear/soviet attack attacks on allies spread of communism internal communist threats
17
Q
internal communist threats
A
unwise investigators/ unneeded paranoia
18
Q
the new look
A
for american defense
putting all $ in nuclear arsenal
ICBMS, nuclear submarines, H Bombs
anti communist alliances
19
Q
MAD
A
mutual assured destruction
20
Q
SEATO
A
south east asia alliance against comms
21
Q
METO/CENTO
A
middle east alliance against comms
22
Q
Allen Dulles
A
CIA ops
23
Q
1953
A
aid coup in Iran
put in govt friendly to US/UK interests (oil)
24
Q
1954
A
aid coup in Guatemala to overthrow elected govt which had taken united fruit co.s land
gets land back
25
unuccessful ops
indonesia
| cuba
26
1957
80% of CIA budget is used for covert operations
27
1954
Ho Chi Minh's communist forces defeat French at battle of Dien Bien Phu
28
Ho Chi Minh
leader of vietnam communist party
29
Geneva Accords
vietnam divided along 17th parallel into South (non comm) and North (comm)
internationally supervised elections
30
internationally supervised elections
held in 1956 over unification
31
Ngo Dinh Diem
backed by CIA as leader in S. Vietnam (even though he was really unpopular)
32
CIA intervention
prevents 1956 elections from taking place bc HCM wouldve won
| VietCong forms
33
VietCong
South Vietnamese against South Vietnamese govt.
| communist
34
Suez Crisis
1956
35
Gamel Abdel Nassar
nationalizes Suez Canal
36
Egypt
attacked by France, Britain, and Isreal (bc of nationalizing of Suez Canal)
37
USSR (Suez)
threatens to intervene on behalf of Egypt, US encourages all forces to withdraw
UN sends peacekeepers
38
Eisenhower Doctrine
aid would be sent to any country under aggression from an outside state
39
Nikita Kruschev
takes power in 1953
40
Hungarians
want more autonomy, people take to the streets in Fall 1956
41
Imre Nagy
leader of Hungary, announces intentions to withdraw from Warsaw Pact
42
warsaw pact
soviet union countries that aren't russia
43
USSR reaction to Hungary
brings in army, kills 25000 hungarians
| execute nagy
44
US reaction to Hungary
stays uninvolved
still containment
fear of direct confrontation
blanket statement against helping warsaw pact break away
45
Sputnik
1957
first satellite to be launched into space by USSR and orbit
surprises America (makes us feel "behind")
fears of it being a weapon
46
creation of NASA
1958
increase in science education
race to put man on moon
47
Atoms for Peace
title of 1953 speech to UN in which Eisenhower proposes exploring peaceful atomic programs- creation of int'l atomic energy agency
48
open skies proposal of 1955
would give permission for US and soviet union to send reconnaissance planes over military installations of each country
USSR rejects
49
U2 Spy Plane
shot down over Russia, sentenced to 5 years of labor
Francis Gary Power
appeased by spy swap
50
Farewell Address
warns country of growing power of military industrial complex
dont compromise democratic process or civil liberties (fear of militarism)
mixed legacy
51
Military Industrial Complex
unwarranted military influence (3.5 mill Americans)
52
mixed legacy
did E make cold war worse or better
53
Macarthyism
hunt for Russian spies, erasing comm. influences
indiscriminate attacks on unsubstantiated charges
anti. comm. hysteria
54
Beginning of Macarthyism
1948
Truman govt requires loyalty oaths of all employees (6 mill.)
many private cos and universities do the same (UCLA fires 157 teachers who refuse)
upheld by the supreme court
55
Who was Senator Joe Macarthy
Wisconsin 1947-1957
known for wheeling address
chair of senate permanent subcommittee on investigation
56
wheeling address
1950
enemies from within
claimed 205/57 govt officials were actually spies
57
senate permanent subcommittee
let trials against suspected comm. sympathizers
| were publicized
58
who part 2
worked with house of unamerican activities committees (HUAC) 1947-1961
congress passes mccarren act
59
mccarren act
1950
bans communist meetings/ actions
if your name was on attendance list you could be blacklisted or deported
60
target
spies
61
hollywood ten
refused to testify at HUAC hearings, blacklisted
| ie charlie chaplin
62
alger hiss
accused of being a soviet spy by whittaker chambers (NY Times Editor) who was also a part of comm. circles
63
pumpkin papers
docs hid by Chambers that Hiss passed to Soviets
64
Hiss Conviction
not for espionage, but for perjury
| house arrest
65
only spies executed
julius and ethel rosenberg
| march 1951 found guilty, verona papers show Julius but not Ethel
66
McCarthy decline
army hearings
schine controversy
censured by senate by 67 (yes votes) vs 22 (no votes)
Murrow
67
army hearings
MC attacks army
tries to find comms. in ranks
attack army lawyers: Fisher (works for company)
thin evidence, made fun of
68
Schine controversy
MC tries to force promotion of ally Schine
army says hes being inappropriate
MC angered, attacks army
69
Murrow
"See It Now" TV show
| criticizes McCarthyism
70
Allen Ginsberg
Howl
criticized relentless pursuit of money
cultural poverty
71
Michael Harrington
the other america
| americans in the 1950s were completely ignoring the national poverty (the other america)
72
kenneth galbraith
the affluent society
criticizes consumerism in America
endless cycle of consuming
does not equal happiness
73
William H Whyte
excerpts fro organization of man
all workers are part of middle class society
lower class is oppressed
lack of individuality
74
Rachel Carson
Silent Spring
environmental critique of the 1950's
control of nature= bad for environment
radiation and pesticides
75
Suburbs in the 1950s
offered the appearance of affluence (home with yard and lots of space) without actually being expensive
Levittown
76
highways
connected suburbs to cities, increased suburbanization
77
west during the 1950s
large immigration movement to the west (part of suburbanization)
78
West Enders
didn't buy into suburbanization, preferred apartments in the city
79
women in the work force
given opportunities to work in jobs "suitable" for women (ie secretaries)
no emphasis on education
high emphasis on appearance
high salaries
80
women in the home
wives are seen as inferior and subordinate to their husbands as shown by the advice given in a popular magazine of the time
main role= maintain the household
81
baby boom kids
teenagers rebel (rock n roll)
more entertainment
beginning of the teenager
82
homosexuals
held back
| not allowed to be out (employment)
83
unemployment
4% rate 5 years 1948-
84
wages
increased 2x
85
economy
```
pro business era
tax exemptions
prices increase
increase in consumers
inflation
```
86
Taft Hartley Bill
took away workers ability to bargain for wages
87
veterans
affluent time for veterans due to to the aid that the govt provided for these individuals and their families
88
GI Bill
provided financial benefits to veterans
89
family
affluent time for families as middle class families lived in comfortable economic conditions
