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Module #7 Household Management & Meal Preparationn > Meal Preperation/Nutrition > Flashcards

Meal Preperation/Nutrition Flashcards

0
Q

What is Nutrition?

A

Process involved with Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption of foods and fluids (Nutrients)

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1
Q

What are the basic needs?

A

Food and water

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2
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Taking it in

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3
Q

What is digestion?

A

Body breaking food down

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4
Q

What is Absorption?

A

When body is absorbing nutrients, ad putting them where they need to be

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5
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Substances that are Ingested, Digested and Absorbed

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6
Q

What is a calorie?

A

Unit of measurement of energy produced as the body burns food.
1g carb = 4 cal
1q protein = 4 cal
1g fat = 8 cal

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7
Q

What does protein do?

A 
Builds muscles
Repairs tissues
Enzymes
Hormones
Iron (Binds to hemoglobin, to carry oxygen)
45% of body
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8
Q

Who needs protein?

A 
Anemic
Athletes
Surgery
Cancer Patients
Liver failure (Organ failure)
Post Partum
Bed Sores
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9
Q

Where is protein found?

A 
Meat
Red meat
Chicken
Eggs
Fish ^ Complete
Legumes (Beans) Peanuts
Nuts/seeds - almonds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, walnuts, cashews
Grain
Veg (Green leaf vegetables) ^ Incomplete
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10
Q

Hat happens when there is excess protein?

A

Kidney stones
Osteoporosis
Stores as fat

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11
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

Fuel

Regulates bowels

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12
Q

Where are carbohydrates found?

A 
Pasta
Potato
Junk
Fruit
Sugar
Honey
Beans
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13
Q

What are simple carbs?

A

Break down quickly (Simple sugars - natural)

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14
Q

What are complex carbs?

A

Break down slowly (Complex sugars - processed)

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15
Q

What are the 3 things the body takes energy from?

A

*Body takes energy from proteins, and then fats, and then key tones
Kidney stones can be from low carb diet.

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16
Q

What are fats? And what do they do?

A

Energy
Helps absorb vitamins and minerals
Act as messengers
Insulation

17
Q

What are unsaturated fats?

A

Healthy eg. Mega 3 fish eggs

18
Q

What are saturated fats?

A

Not healthy. Trans fats

19
Q

Infancy and childhood nutrition

A

Up to 6 months needs breast milk, or formula
Breast milk has the best nutrients for babies, and formula has some nourishment
Then pablum, the rice kind. Because there are not many allergies against it.
Don’t feed them rice and then oatmeal, the baby needs to eat the rice for 3 days and then 3 days with oatmeal to ensure there is no allergy.
Finger foods are introduced from 10 months to a year.
Toddlers need to get the 4 food groups, and you have to be careful for choking hazards
Children need plastic cups, and plastic cutlery, that way it is not breakable and spill proof.
Children are most likely to try something new when you let them help make it.

20
Q

What is nutrition like for teens to 25 year olds?

A 
Always hungry
They eat everything
Start counting calories
Anorexia, and bulimia start in these years
Girls will worry about they're weight
21
Q

What are effects on diet?

A 
Allergies
Age
Chewing abilities
 Likes and dislikes
Income
22
Q

What are things to remember while feeding clients?

A 
Proper diet
Preparation
2 clients at a time
Teaspoon fed
Let client set the pace
Make sure your giving proper proportions
Offer drinks frequently
Allergies
Textures
Dieticians make diet
Temperatures (Pathogens can grow)
Clean hands
Describe to them where their food is by clock
23
Q

What are some of the special diets?

A 
Low fat
Low sodium
Heart healthy
Renal
Vegetarian/vegan
Low sugar
Diabetic
Lactose intolerant
Glutton free
High fibre
Calorie increasing
Fluid diet
24
Q

Low sodium diets are for..

A

Congestive heart failures

Diabetics

25
Q

Diabetic diets consists of?

A

Nutritional diet
Low sugars
Low sodium
6 Small meals a day

26
Q

What is glutton free?

A

No wheat

27
Q

What is vegetarian versus vegan?

A

Vegetarians only eat vegetables where vegans will not eat anything that is involved with an animal or insect

28
Q

What does renal diet consist of?

A

Low potassium/phosphorus/sodium

Low fluid

29
Q

What does the heart healthy diet consist of?

A

Low Sugar
Low cholesterol
Low sodium

30
Q

What does a low fat diet consist of?

A

No oils
No butter
No cream

31
Q

Who needs high calorie diet?

A 
Cancer patients (Nauseated) 
Little old ladies that are not thriving
32
Q

What is lactose free?

A

No dairy

33
Q

What is a fluid diet?

A 
Clear (Water based)
Full (Milk, Oatmeal, pudding)
After Flu
After Surgery
Before surgery
34
Q

What are the textures?

A 
Reg (No restrictions)
Chopped (Bite size)
Minced (Finer sizes)
Puree (Baby food, chunk-less, fluid added)
Dental Soft (No teeth)
35
Q

What is fluid consistency?

A 
Regular
Nectar (Thick)
Honey (Thick)
Pudding (Thick)
People that have had a stroke will drink this
Gag reflexes
36
Q

*What is Dysphagia?

A 
Difficulty swallowing
Common in old people
CVA
Parkinson's
Paralysis
Spinal cord injuries
Neurological disorders
Cancer of neck or head
37
Q

What are the 4 phases of swallowing?

A

4 Phases
Prepatory (Saliva, and chewing)
Oral (Tongue Moving the food towards the back)
Pharyngeal (Throat muscle, actual swallow, breathing temporarily stops)
Esopnegal (Food moving threw the esophagus)

38
Q

What is fluid balance?

A 
Normal intake: 2- 2.5L
Intake (Melons, soup, gravy, fruit, yogurt, ice cream)
Output (pee)
Dehydration - Output exceeds input
Edema - Intake exceeds output
39
Q

What are signs and symptoms of dehydration?

A 
Lethargy 
Nausea and vomiting
Headache
Urine output
Concentrated urine
Dizziness
Muscle cramps
Confusion
Dry mouth
Constipated
Enlarged tongue
Sunken eyes
Skin turgor
Babies
Alcoholics
Athletes
Sick
Ill
Diabetic
40
Q

What are special fluid orders?

A

Encourage fluids
Fluid Restrict
NPO

Module #7 Household Management & Meal Preparationn (5 decks)

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