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bio 2010 > lecture 7 / study guide 4 > Flashcards

lecture 7 / study guide 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 different types of muscle

A

cardiac, smooth , skeletal

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2
Q

where is smooth muscle found

A

smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach , urinary bladder and airways

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3
Q

is smooth muscle striated

A

no smooth muscle is not striated

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4
Q

does smooth muscle require nervous system stimulation

A

it can contract without nervous system stimulation

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5
Q

is smooth muscle voluntary or involuntary

A

involuntary

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6
Q

what are the 3 things that skeletal muscle are served by

A

one artery , one nerver and one or more veins.

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7
Q

what controls the activity of skeletal muscle

A

a nerve ending

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8
Q

what does skeletal muscle need

A

nutrients

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9
Q

what does skeletal muscle generate

A

it generates large amounts of waste

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10
Q

does skeletal muscle generate a lot of waste ?

A

yes

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11
Q

where is skeletal muscle found

A

on organs that are attached to bones or skin

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12
Q

what kind of cells does skeletal muscles have

A

eleongated cells

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13
Q

what are the elongated cells of skeletal muscles called

A

muscle fibers

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14
Q

are muscle fibers striated

A

yes

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15
Q

what does voluntary mean

A

under conscous control

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16
Q

are skeletal musles under conscous control

A

yes

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17
Q

do skeletal muscles contract rapidly or slow

A

rapidly

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18
Q

do skeletal muscles tire easily or slowly

A

tire easily

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19
Q

do skeletal muscles require nervous system stimulation

A

yes

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20
Q

what percent of the bodies mass is made up of muscle tissue

A

nearly half of the bodies mass is made of muscle tissue

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21
Q

what is the function of muscle

A

to transform chemical energy into mechanical energy

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22
Q

where is cardiac muscle found

A

it is only found in the walls of the heart

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23
Q

what is the bulk of the heart wall made out of

A

cardiac muscle

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24
Q

is cardiac muscle striated

A

yes

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25
Q

does cardiac muscle require nervous system stimulation

A

it can contract without nervous system stimulation

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26
Q

is cardiac muscle voluntary

A

involuntary

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27
Q

list the 4 characteristics of muscle tissue

A

excitability
contractability
extensibility
elasiticity

28
Q

what does excitability mean :

A

ability to recieve and respond to stimuli

29
Q

what does contractability mean

A

ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated

30
Q

what doed extensibility mean

A

abiilty to be stretched

31
Q

what does elasticity mean

A

ability to recoil to resting length

32
Q

what are the 4 important functions of muscles

A

movement of bones or fluids
maintaining postures and body position
stabilizing joints
heat generation

33
Q

does muscle protect organs

A

yes

34
Q

do muscle form valves

A

yes

35
Q

do muscles control pupil size

A

yes

36
Q

do muscles cause goosebumps

A

yes

37
Q

describe the 3 connective tissue sheaths that cover muscles

A

epimysium - dense irregular surround muscle
perimysium -fiberous connective tissue surrounds fassicles
endomysium-surrounds each muscle fiber

38
Q

what does the perimysium surround

A

the fasicles

39
Q

what does the endomysium surround

A

each muscle fiber

40
Q

what does the epimysium surround

A

the entire muscle

41
Q

name the 2 kinds of muscle attachments

A

insertion and attachment

42
Q

what is an insertion

A

movable bone

43
Q

what is an origin

A

immovable bone

44
Q

what kind of attacment is at the less moveable bone

A

origin

45
Q

what is the attachment at the moveable bone called

A

insertion

46
Q

does skeletal muscle have more than one nuclei

A

yes

47
Q

what is the sarcolema

A

the plasma membrane

48
Q

what is the sarcolplasm

A

the cytoplasm

49
Q

what are glycosomes

A

they are for glycogen storage

50
Q

what are myoglobin

A

they are for oxygen storage

51
Q

what do myofibirls contain

A

they contain sarcomeres

52
Q

myofibirals take up about what percentage of a cells volume

A

about 80%

53
Q

what are sarcomeres

A

they are contractile units

54
Q

what do sarcomeres contain

A

they contain myofilaments

55
Q

what is a z disk

A

it is a coin shaped sheet of proteins on the midline of light i band that anchors thin filaments and connects myofibrils to one another

56
Q

what are thick filaments

A

they run the entire length of the l band and partway to a band

57
Q

what are sarcomeres

A

they are the region between 2 succesive z disks

58
Q

the smallest contractile unit of muscle fiber is called

A

a sarcomere

59
Q

what are sarcomeres composed of

A

they are composed of thick and thin myofilaments made of contractile proteins

60
Q

what are the thin filaments made out of

A

actin myofilaments

61
Q

what are the thick filaments made out of

A

myosin filaments

62
Q

what do the myosin tails contain

A

polypeptide chains

63
Q

what do the myosin heads form

A

cross bridges

64
Q

what are the function of tropomyosin and tropnin

A

they are regulatory proteins bound to actin

65
Q

what is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulim

A

it funcitons in the regulatoin of intracellular calcium

66
Q

what are the function of t tubules

A

to increase the fibers surface area

bio 2010 (13 decks)

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