HIV

Question 1

What HIV surface glycoprotein helps dock to CD40?

Answer 1

gp120

Question 2

There are two main tropic types of HIV, what are they? What are the co-receptors associated with each?

Answer 2

X4 = CXCR4 co-receptor when gp120 binds CD40
R5 = CCR5 co-receptor

Question 3

What are the three structural genes in HIV? What does each encode?

Answer 3

env codes for gp120 and gp41
gag codes for the capsid
pol codes for the RT, protease, and integrase

Question 4

This HIV surface protein is involved with viral fusion and entry into host cells:

Answer 4

gp41

Question 5

T/F: HIV has a diploid genome.

Answer 5

T. Has 2 molecules of RNA.

Question 6

Criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS (3):

Answer 6

1. CD4 count < 200, or
2. HIV + with AIDS-defining condition, or
3. CD4 / CD8 ratio < 1.5 (eg <14% of T cells are CD4+

Question 7

This HIV test has a high sensitivity.

This HIV test has a high specificity.

Answer 7

ELISA is highly sensitive (will catch all true positives).

W. blot is highly specific (will remove all the false positives).

Question 8

When might you choose to get an HIV viral load?

Answer 8

1. For patients in the window period of HIV infection (1-2 months post-exposure)
2. For newborns born to HIV infected mothers
3. To monitor treatment response

Question 9

This HIV glycoprotein is needed to attach to a host CD4+ T cell:

Answer 9

gp120

Question 10

What is dual tropism?

Answer 10

Tropism is the preference of some HIV viruses for certain co-receptors when gp120 binds to host cells. This is tropism. Dual tropism is when a virus can bind both.

Question 11

What happens if a person is homozygous for a mutation in CCR5? Heterozygous?

Answer 11

Homozygotes are immune to infection with HIV R5. Heterozygotes may have a slowed course of disease.

Question 12

What drugs constitute HAART?

Answer 12

You need:
2 NRTIs (= NRTI backbone) +
1 other drug (nNRTI or protease inhibitor or integrase inhibitor

Question 13

Which class of HIV drugs end in -navir?

Answer 13

The protease inhibitors.

Question 14

There is one NtRTI. What is it? What is special about this drug?

Answer 14

Tenofovir. It does not need to be activated by phosphorylation, unlike the NRTIs, which do.

Question 15

This drug is used for prophylaxis in newborns and in occupational exposures:

Answer 15

Zidovudine

AZT = ZDV

Question 16

Drugs that contain -vudine belong to which class of HIV meds?

Answer 16

NRTIs

Question 17

Drugs that contain -vir- belong to which class of HIV meds?

Answer 17

NNRTIs

Question 18

This drug is an integrase inhibitor:

Answer 18

Raltegravir

Question 19

Main side effect of protease inhibitors:

Answer 19

GI intolerance.

Question 20

This class of HIV meds can cause lactic acidosis:

Answer 20

NRTIs

Question 21

These HIV medications tend to cause rash:

Answer 21

NNRTIs

Question 22

These two HIV medications cause pancreatitis:

Answer 22

Didanosine = ddI (NRTI)

Raltegravir (integrase inhibitor)

Question 23

Can you name the 3 NNRTIs:

Answer 23

NeVIRapine
EfaVIRenz
DelaVIRdine

Question 24

Seven Protease inhibitors:

Answer 24

LopiNAVIR
AtazaNAVIR
DaruNAVIR
FosampreNAVIR
SaquiNAVIR
RitoNAVIR
IndiNAVIR

Question 25

This class of HIV meds can inhibit CYP 450:

Answer 25

Protease inhibitors

Question 26

This HIV drug class can cause bone marrow suppression:

Answer 26

NRTIs, NNRTIs

Question 27

What kind of medication is Raltegravir?

Answer 27

Integrase inhibitor

Question 28

This HIV med is famed for causing some pretty gnarly neuropsych side effects:

Answer 28

Efavirenz (NNRTI)

Question 29

This HIV medication can cause peripheral neuropathy:

Answer 29

Didanosine = ddI (NRTI)

Question 30

What side effect do these two medications, ddI and raltegravir, share in common?

Answer 30

Both can cause pancreatitis

Question 31

This HIV medication can be given only to people with R5 viruses:

Answer 31

Maravaroc

Question 32

What is the mechanisim of action of Enfuvitide?

Answer 32

Enfuvitide binds viral gp41 and prevents viral fusion with host cells.

Question 33

This drug is a very last resort medication for people with drug issues or resistance to all known drugs. Why?

Answer 33

Enfuvitide, a gp41-binder, it is available in injectible form only and is $$$ costly.

Question 34

Mechanism of action of Maravaroc:

Answer 34

Binds CCR5, prevents HIV’s gp120 from docking with host cells. Works against R5 viruses.

Question 35

Lipodistrophy is a side effect of which class of HIV meds?

Answer 35

Protease inhibitors

Question 36

GI intolerance is a side effect of which class of HIV meds?

Answer 36

Protease inhibitors

Question 37

This HIV drug can cause a fatal hypersensitivity reaction:

Answer 37

Abacavir

Abracadabra! You’re dead!

Question 38

This HIV drug can cause a rise in bilirubin:

Answer 38

Atazanavir

Question 39

This class of HIV meds causes rash:

Answer 39

NNRTIs

Question 40

This HIV med causes both peripheral neuropathy and lactic acidosis:

Answer 40

ddI = didanosine