Ch. 34 Pediatrics

Question 1

Compare ribs of adults and infants

Answer 1

ribs extend from the vertebral column horizontally in infants and caudad in adults

Question 2

What does ribcage movement look like in infants?

Answer 2

ribcage moves inward (appearing paradoxical)

Question 3

Why don’t accessory muscles of respiration work in infants?

Answer 3

Due to the horizontal rib orientation from the vertebral column

Question 4

Why is the diaphragm likely to become fatigued in premature infants? What is the clinical implication of this?

Answer 4

A term infant has ~25% type I diaphragmatic muscles and a premature infant has ~10%, which leads to quicker respiratory failure.

Question 5

Who has a larger total lung capacity per kg - infants or adults? Why?

Answer 5

Adults, because their inspiratory muscles are relatively stronger and more efficient

Question 6

Why is it important to maintain ventilation in infants?

Answer 6

they have a disproportionately smaller store of intrapulmonary oxygen

Question 7

How does hypoxia affect the response to hypercapnea?

Answer 7

It does not (same for children and adults)

Question 8

Name three things that may depress respiratory drive?

Answer 8

hypoglycemia, anemia, hypothermia

Question 9

What is the relationship between respiratory drive and inspired O2 content in newborns?

Answer 9

hi O2 content depresses respiratory drive and vice versa

Question 10

______’s breathing pattern is periodic.

Answer 10

Newborn