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Pharmacology > Labs > Flashcards

Labs Flashcards

1
Q

PT

A

11-15 seconds
Warfarin
1.5-2.0 x BL

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2
Q

PTT

A

25-35 seconds
Heparin
1.5-2.5 x BL

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3
Q

Albumin Indication

A
  1. Assesses nutritional status
  2. Evaluates chronic illness
  3. Evaluates liver disease**
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4
Q

Albumin level

A

3.4 - 4.8 g/dl

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5
Q

Albumin Interpretation

A
  1. Increased= dehydration
  2. Decreased:
    a. Malnutrition
    b. Liver disease
    c. Inflammation
    d. Increased blood volume
    e. Burns, Hemorrhage
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6
Q

Albumin RN Implication

A
  1. Assess nutritional status
  2. Monitor for edema
  3. Assess tissue integrity & prevent skin breakdown
  4. Encourage protein intake
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7
Q

Prealbumin Indication

A
  1. Evaluate nutritional status

2. Monitor parenteral nutrition

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8
Q

Prealbumin Level

A

12 - 42 mg/dl

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9
Q

Prealbumin Interpretation

A
  1. Increased in Alcoholism
    a. Chronic renal failure
    b. pt receiving steroids
  2. Decreased in malnutrition
    a. Tissue necrosis
    b. Liver disease
    c. Acute phase inflammatory response
    d. Chronic illness
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10
Q

Prealbumin RN Implication

A
  1. Assess nutritional status
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11
Q

Anytime plasma glucose level Indication

A

Screen for diabetes

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12
Q

Anytime plasma glucose Level

A

< 200 mg/dl

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13
Q

Anytime plasma glucose level Interpretation

A
  1. Increased:
    a. Diabetes
    b. Acute stress reaction
    c. Pancreatitis
    d. Severe renal disease
  2. Decreased:
    a. Hypoglycemia
    b. Excess insulin
    c. Alcohol use
    d. Liver disease
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14
Q

Anytime plasma glucose level RN Implication

A
  1. Assess nutritional status
  2. Encourage proper body wt
  3. Monitor blood glucose
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15
Q

Fasting Plasma Glucose Level Implication

A

Screen for diabetes

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16
Q

Fasting Plasma Glucose Level

A

70 - 100 mg/dl

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17
Q

Fasting Plasma Glucose Level Indication

A
  1. 100 - 126 mg/dl indicates prediabetes

2. > 126 mg/dl Indicates diabetes

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18
Q

Fasting Plasma Glucose Level RN Implication

A
  1. Medicate as ordered
  2. Encourage diet evaluation and education
  3. Monitor for hypoglycemia
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19
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Indication

A

Screen for diabetes

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20
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Level

A

< 200 mg/dl

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21
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Interpretation

A

> 200 mg/dl = diabetes

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22
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test RN Implication

A

Encourage activity and exercise

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23
Q

Hemoglobin A1c Indication

A

Assess long - term glucose control (2 - 3 months)

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24
Q

Hemoglobin A1c Level

A

< 6.0 % decreasing

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25
Q

Hemoglobin A1c Interpretation

A

Increased in poorly controlled or uncontrolled diabetes

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26
Q

Hemoglobin A1c RN Implication

A
  1. Educate regarding good glycemic control delaysonset & slows progression of diabetic retinopathy, & neuropothy.
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27
Q

Liver Function Tests

A
  1. ALT
  2. AST
  3. ALP
  4. Billirubin
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28
Q

Liver Function Tests Indication

A

Assess liver function and damage

29
Q

Liver Function Tests Interpretation

A

Increased in:

a. Hepatitis
b. Liver disease
c. Cancer
d. CHF

30
Q

Liver Function Tests RN Implication

A
  1. Encourage proper diet

2. Encourage vaccination as appropriate

31
Q

Bilirubin Level

A

0.3 - 1 mg/dl

32
Q

ALT Level

A

10 - 35 IU/L

33
Q

AST Level

A

<35 IU/L

34
Q

Thyroid Antibodies Indication

A

Assist in Dx of Grave’s Disease

35
Q

Thyroid Antibodies Interpretation

A

Increased in:

a. chronic thyroiditis
b. Grave’s Disease
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Rheumatoid arthritis

36
Q

Thyroid Hormones T3 and T4 Indication

A
  1. Evaluate hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

2. Monitor response to therapy

37
Q

T3 & T4 Levels

A
  1. T3 = 60 - 171 ng/dl

2. T4 = 4 - 12.3 micrograms/dl

38
Q

T3 & T4 Interpretation

A
  1. Increased in:
    a. hyperthyroidism
    b. Thyrotoxicosis
    c. Excessive intake of iodine
    d. Hepatitis
  2. Decreased in:
    a. Hypothyroidism
39
Q

T3 & T4 RN Implication

A

Monitor for hypo or hyperthyroidism

40
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone TSH Indication

A
  1. Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism
41
Q

TSH Level

A

0.4 - 6.0 microUnits/ml

42
Q

TSH Interpretation

A
  1. Increased in:
    a. primary hypothyroidism
    b. Thyroid hormone resistance
    c. Thyroiditis
  2. Decreased in:
    a. Excessive thyroid hormone replacement
    b. Grave’s Disease
    c. Primary hyperthyroidism
    d. Secondary hypothyroidism
43
Q

TSH RN Implication

A

Recognize cause of hypothyroidism by comparing TSH level with T4

44
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Indication

A

Screen for diabetes

45
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Level

A

< 200 mg/dl

46
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Interpretation

A

> 200 mg/dl = diabetes

47
Q

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test RN Implication

A

Encourage activity and exercise

48
Q

Hemoglobin A1c Indication

A

Assess long - term glucose control (2 - 3 months)

49
Q

Hemoglobin A1c Level

A

< 6.0 % decreasing

50
Q

Hemoglobin A1c Interpretation

A

Increased in poorly controlled or uncontrolled diabetes

51
Q

Hemoglobin A1c RN Implication

A
  1. Educate regarding good glycemic control delaysonset & slows progression of diabetic retinopathy, & neuropothy.
52
Q

Liver Function Tests

A
  1. ALT
  2. AST
  3. ALP
  4. Billirubin
53
Q

Liver Function Tests Indication

A

Assess liver function and damage

54
Q

Liver Function Tests Interpretation

A

Increased in:

a. Hepatitis
b. Liver disease
c. Cancer
d. CHF

55
Q

Liver Function Tests RN Implication

A
  1. Encourage proper diet

2. Encourage vaccination as appropriate

56
Q

Bilirubin Level

A

0.3 - 1 mg/dl

57
Q

ALT Level

A

10 - 35 IU/L

58
Q

AST Level

A

<35 IU/L

59
Q

Thyroid Antibodies Indication

A

Assist in Dx of Grave’s Disease

60
Q

Thyroid Antibodies Interpretation

A

Increased in:

a. chronic thyroiditis
b. Grave’s Disease
c. Pernicious anemia
d. Rheumatoid arthritis

61
Q

Thyroid Hormones T3 and T4 Indication

A
  1. Evaluate hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

2. Monitor response to therapy

62
Q

T3 & T4 Levels

A
  1. T3 = 60 - 171 ng/dl

2. T4 = 4 - 12.3 micrograms/dl

63
Q

T3 & T4 Interpretation

A
  1. Increased in:
    a. hyperthyroidism
    b. Thyrotoxicosis
    c. Excessive intake of iodine
    d. Hepatitis
  2. Decreased in:
    a. Hypothyroidism
64
Q

T3 & T4 RN Implication

A

Monitor for hypo or hyperthyroidism

65
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone TSH Indication

A
  1. Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism
66
Q

TSH Level

A

0.4 - 6.0 microUnits/ml

67
Q

TSH Interpretation

A
  1. Increased in:
    a. primary hypothyroidism
    b. Thyroid hormone resistance
    c. Thyroiditis
  2. Decreased in:
    a. Excessive thyroid hormone replacement
    b. Grave’s Disease
    c. Primary hyperthyroidism
    d. Secondary hypothyroidism
68
Q

TSH RN Implication

A

Recognize cause of hypothyroidism by comparing TSH level with T4

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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